DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1000-9973.2025.07.034

中图分类号：TS225.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000-9973（2025）07-0228-07

Research Status of Preparation and Mechanism of Controlled-Release Plant Essential Oil Microcapsules

WU Fan¹，GUO Lin-na¹，CUI Yao-ming1，YANG Jing¹ ，ZHANG Li^-1 ，YUAN Zhi-xia1 ， CAO Ying-bo1，GUAN Jun-jun^1* ，TANG Chao-jie² （1.School of Biological Engineering，Henan University of Technology， Zhengzhou 450oo1，China; 2.Rural Social Undertakings Development Service Center in Henan Province， Zhengzhou ，China）

Abstract： Plant essential oils have important research value due to their antibacteria， antioxidant， anti-inflammatory and other bioactivities.However，plant essential oils have the disadvantages such as strong volatility， poor water solubility and chemical instability，which limit their wide application. The use of microcapsule technology to encapsulate esential oils can improve their volatility，waterinsolubility and stability，thus enhancing their bioactivities，and can also realize the intelligent release of essential oils in response to environmental changes，which has great application prospects in the field of essential oils. In this paper，the preparation technology and controled-release mechanism of typical controlled-release essential oil microcapsules，and the application of controlled-release essential oil microcapsules in the field of food processing are reviewed，so as to provide references for the further research and application of controlled-release essential oil microcapsules in the field of food processing and other fields.

Key words： plant essential oil;microcapsule technology;controlled release

植物精油（EOs）是从植物的种子、叶、根、茎、花和果实中通过蒸馏、蒸汽蒸馏、干馏或机械压榨等技术进行提取，且含有挥发性有机化合物的复杂天然混合物[1]。植物精油是一种包含多达数百种挥发性化合物、具有多种组分和疏水特性的混合物。植物精油的化合物较复杂，大体可以将植物精油化合物划分为萜类化合物（单萜类、倍半萜类、二萜类）芳香族化合物（萜类衍生物、苯丙烷类衍生物）、脂肪族化合物（直链/支链结构的醇类、酮类、醛类、酯类、烷烃类）和含氮与含硫化合物四大类[2-3]。

植物精油在食品中可用作调味剂和芳香剂，且具有抗氧化、杀菌抑菌等生物活性，从而受到广泛关注[4]。但是植物精油极不稳定，一些外部因素（如氧、光、酸性或碱性条件等）会导致精油降解、转化或挥发，并降低其生物活性[5]。微胶囊技术是以活性物质作为芯材，并以天然或合成的高分子材料、无机材料等作为壁材，构建出核壳结构的技术[6]。研究发现，利用微胶囊技术将植物精油包埋在壁材中，形成一个保护层，降低生物活性物质在环境中的影响，防止精油快速降解，实现活性物质的可控释放并提高其稳定性[-8]。

传统微胶囊大多无法主动调控芯材的释放，这限制了其在调味品、医药、纺织品、食品等领域的应用，所以，控释型微胶囊（又称刺激响应型微胶囊）为满足特殊情况下的需求而开发[9]。当受到 pH 、温度、光照等的影响，这些微胶囊能够实现芯材的控制释放。……