中图分类号：F323 文献标识码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672-2272.202506042

Analysis of Economic Benefits and Influence Mechanisms of Crop-Livestock Integration Among Smallholder Farmers in China under the Background of Green Agricultural Development

YangYaxi1，Liu Yingyin1，LiuWanying1，Chen Yuquan1，NieFengying² （1.College of Economics and Management，China Agricultural University，Beijing loo083，China; 2.Agricultural Information Institute，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Beijing 1Ooo81，China）

Abstract： Crop-livestock integration，a traditional Chinese agricultural practice，mitigates pollution from livestock farming and enables resource recycling.However，its economic benefits for smallholder farmers remain ambiguous.To address the practical challenge of“explicit ecological benefits versus unclear economic gains”，Ianalyzed the economic benefits and influence mechanisms of crop-livestock integration from a cost-benefit perspective using 2O21 survey data from eight counties in Yunnan， Guizhou，Shaanxi，and Gansu provinces （Comprehensive Survey on Food Security and Poverty in Rural China）.Key findings include：Adoption rates are higher in southern regions with significant geographic heterogeneity；cultivated land area，multiple cropping index，and household head age positively influence adoption；Economically，integration enhances net agricultural income，net income from crop systems，and gross agricultural revenue，with stronger positive impacts on net income in southern regions；Mechanistic analysis reveals yield increases and income growth，offset partially by rising fertilizer costs-potentially linked to higher technical and financial requirements for manure composting and land application.The research underscores the need to promote standardized manure management technologies among farmers to maximize economic benefits.

Key Words：Green Agricultural Development;Crop-Livestock Integration；Economic Benefits；Crop Yield

0 引言

随着我国农业农村的快速发展，农业环境污染、资源浪费等问题日益突出，中华人民共和国生态环境部发布的《2020年中国生态环境统计年报》显示，农业生产排放约占全国总氮排放的 49.3% ，总磷排放的 73.2% ，总氨氮排放的 25.8%^[1] 。目前已有许多研究表明，畜禽粪污的排放成为我国农业面源污染的主要来源。20世纪60年代以来，我国畜牧养殖快速发展，呈现出从散养向规模化、集约化模式转变的趋势。养殖场规模不断扩大加剧了养殖业和种植业的脱离，大量畜禽粪污无法得到及时的消纳，带来了严重的土壤污染问题[2]。此外，我国化肥使用量在全球使用总量中的占比稳居前列。为确保农业经济效益稳定增长，必须加快推进农业生产模式向绿色化转型，在农业领域深人贯彻可持续发展理念，推动农业现代化发展。

种养结合已被广泛认为是实现生态循环农业的有效模式，其显著的生态效益体现在实现养殖粪污的肥料化、能源化等综合利用。首先直接减少了污染物的排放，减轻了固体废弃物和液体废弃物对土壤、大气和水资源的面源污染。其次，养殖粪污可以经过无害化处理制成有机肥还田，实现畜禽粪便资源化再利用，不仅能缓解粪便随处排放造成的污染问题，还能实现有机肥部分替代化肥还田，提高土壤有机质，缓解化肥过量使用对土壤造成的污染。我国既是养殖业大国，也是种植业大国，因此肥料化是我国目前最主要的畜禽粪污资源化处理途径[3]。……