中图分类号：F124.3 文献标识码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672-2272.202505028

Has the Innovative City Pilot Policy Improved the Level of City Innovation？ An Empirical Analysis Based on the Synthetic Control Method

Yao Yaxuan1，Guo Xiaoli1，HeYunfengl，Xu Yunfang² （1.College of Public Administration，Shanxi Agricultural University，Jinzhong O3o8ol，China; 2.School of Marxism，Shanxi Agricultural University，Jinzhong O3o8oo，China）

Abstract：The pilot policy of innovative cities has been implemented for many years，and its policy effect has attracted attention from all walks of life.Inorder to access the policy effect of innovative pilot cities，this paper uses the synthetic control method to evaluate the pilot policies based on the data of 29 cities in North China from 2O0l to 2021 and test the robustness of the results.The results show that the pilot policyof innovative cities can significantly improve the level of city innovation.There are diferences in the effects of pilot policies，and there isalag effect in the early stage of policy implementation.Based on a variety of robustness tests，the conclusion is robust.The relevant analysis shows thatthe pilot policy of innovative cities improves the level of city innovation through strategic guidance and policy support，agglomeration of innovation elements，and optimization of innovation environment. In the future，the promotion experience should be summarized，and the scope of the pilot should be expanded；strengthen strategic guidance and implement policies precisely；promote the agglomeration of factors and optimize the innovation environment；improve the evaluation mechanism and dynamically adjust policies；so as to improve the level of independent innovation of cities.

Key Words：Innovative City Pilot Policy；Urban Innovation Level； Synthetic Control Method

0 引言

随着经济全球化的不断深人，科技创新已成为推动经济蓬勃发展的重要动力，也是衡量国家或地区核心竞争力的关键指标。为应对日益激烈的国际竞争，2006年我国提出建设创新型国家的重大战略任务。创新型城市试点政策是建设创新型国家的重要举措，旨在通过政策引导和支持，激发城市创新活力，提升城市自主创新能力。2010年，科技部开展创新型城市试点工作。2012年，党的十八大报告中提出“实施创新驱动发展战略”“推动科技和经济紧密结合，加快建设国家创新体系”，为了落实这一战略，国家持续推进创新型城市试点建设；截至2021年，国家发改委联合科技部先后批复了78个创新型试点城市。试点政策已实施多年，其政策效果是否达到预期目标，不仅关乎政策本身的完善，更是对政策制定者和执行者工作成效的检验。

华北五省服务于京津冀协同发展战略，其创新能力的提升对于推动北方经济转型具有重要意义。华北地区城市类型丰富，其经济结构与创新基础呈现梯度差异，为检验试点政策在不同类型城市中的普适性与异质性效应提供了天然实验场景。2010年试点城市中华北地区共有4个城市，分别为石家庄市、唐山市、太原市、包头市。因此，研究采用合成控制法，基于华北地区29个城市（4个试点城市，25个非试点城市）2001一2021年的数据，以石家庄市、唐山市、太原市、包头市作为实验组，华北地区的其他非试点地级市作为控制组，深入评估创新型城市试点政策的效果，避免全国范围内城市差异过大带来的复杂性，为其他类似区域提供有益参考，也为政策的优化和推广提供现实依据。……