黄渤海水域栉孔扇贝养殖中治理污损生物的策略
2025-08-04孙汉卿
中图分类号:X55 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1004—6755(2025)07-0053-03
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-6755.2025.07.014
Strategies for managing fouling organisms in the aquaculture of Chlamys farreri in the Yellow Sea and theBohai Sea
SUN Hanqing
(Yantai City Zhifu District Modern Marine Industry Development Promotion Center,Yantai 2640o,China)
Abstract: The scallop(Chlamys farreri) is an economically important species in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea region and a primary source of income for aquaculture farmers in Yantai. In recent years,with the continuous expansion of regional aquaculture scale and increased stocking density,frequent incidents of reduced scallop yields caused by fouling organisms have occurred. This study analyzes the types of fouling organisms, proposes practical strategies for mitigating biofouling under current technological conditions.These strategies include reduce the probability of fouling atachment,implementing mechanized cleaning to lower operational costs,utilizing natural antifouling compounds for eco-friendly bifouling control,applying ecological control methods to suppress fouling organism populations.
Key words:Chlamys farreri ; fouling organisms; mitigation; Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea
栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)是我国目前主要扇贝经济种类之一,具有较高的经济价值,是山东省烟台市海水养殖的主要选择。2022年相关数据显示,烟台作为我国扇贝主产区,占全国生产总量的 54.9%[1] 。近年来,随着养殖规模的扩大和投放密度的增加,养殖中各类问题也逐渐凸显。目前,部分养殖户根据栉孔扇贝繁殖季节为5月初至7月中、8月中至10月初,适宜水温在
的特点,在7、8月间苗暂养,有效控制了病害发生。但走访中发现,养殖减产、绝产的情况仍时有发生,主要原因之一是污损生物难以控制,出现该问题后缺乏有效、科学的治理措施。为有效解决这一问题,本文以影响栉孔扇贝养殖的污损生物为主要研究对象,通过对污损生物类型的研究,明确其对栉孔扇贝养殖的危害,同时通过研究和实践走访,提出切实可行的治理策略,以期能够为养殖户提供科学的技术参考。
1黄渤海水域栉孔扇贝养殖中常见的污损生物
1.1 软体类动物
黄渤海存在大量野生软体动物,主要影响栉孔扇贝的污损生物包括牡蛎(Ostreidae)和紫贻贝(Mytilusgalloprouincialis)[3],食物来源与扇贝基本相同。牡蛎是优势养殖物,其中长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)和褶牡蛎(Alectryonella pli-catula)的种群规模较大;而紫贻贝繁殖能力强,即使大量捕捞也能保持较大的种群规模,且其发达的足丝使其具有较强的附着能力。
1.2 腔肠类动物
此类动物不具备经济价值,是主要的污损生物,其不仅影响栉孔扇贝的养殖,对于牡蛎、刺参(Sticho-pusjaponicus)等,也有负面影响。……
