芽孢杆菌在提高水产动物抗病免疫中的应用
2025-08-04冯阳倪雨李冰玉
中图分类号:S942.3 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1004—6755(2025)07—0091-04
Application of Bacillus in Enhancing Disease Resistance and Immune Function in Aquatic Animals
FENG Yang ,NI Yu ,LI Bingyu(Collegeof Fisheries and Life Science,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian116o23,China)
Abstract:This review summarizes the application of Bacillus species bacterium as probiotics in aquaculture and discusses a number of related studies to reveal their positive effects on immunity,antibacterial ability,growth performance and other aspects of aquatic animals. Research shows that various Bacillus bacteria effectively promote the growth and vitality of farmed animals by improving fed utilization,stress response,immune response,and disease resistance,as well as by improving water quality,and can be served as an effective preventive strategy in aquaculture to improve the health management and production efficiency of farmed animals.
Key words: Bacillus bacteria; probiotics; aquatic livestock; immunity; antibacterial ability;intestinal health
芽孢杆菌属细菌因其在恶劣环境中存活的能力、非致病性和抗菌物质产生等特性,在水产养殖中显示出作为益生菌的巨大潜力。此外,芽孢杆菌属细菌还能改善肠道形态,促进有益菌群的生长,并抑制有害菌的繁殖,从而维护水产动物的肠道健康。本文从多个角度阐述芽孢杆菌在提高水产动物抗病免疫中的应用,以期为提高水产动物养殖效益提供有益借鉴。
1水产养殖中芽孢杆菌属细菌作为益生菌的应用概述
益生菌在水产养殖中的应用已经引起了关注,它们被视为维持多种水产养殖动物健康的微生物候选者[1]。在众多微生物候选者中,芽孢杆菌属细菌因其具有产孢能力,能够在恶劣环境条件下存活[2],并且当其作为饲料喂给鱼类时,它们除了具有非致病性和无毒[3]之外,还可以产生抗菌物质[4],这使其相比其他益生菌更适合成为候选者。在水产养殖中使用芽孢杆菌属细菌,可提高动物的饲料利用率、增强机体免疫反应和疾病抵抗力,维护组织完整性,以及改善水质[5-7]。芽孢杆菌属细菌的综合效应使其在发展可持续水产养殖方面的实践中具备极高使用价值,见图1。

2芽孢杆菌属细菌对水产动物免疫力及抗病原能力的增强作用
2014年, wu 等8]对枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)DCU、短小芽孢杆菌(Bacilluspumilus)BP和蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacilluscereus)HL7进行了益生菌特性的评估。结果表明,其中两株(BP和DCU能够在低pH值和高胆汁浓度下存活,并显示出良好的黏附特性和广谱抗生素抗性。……
