喀腊塑克水库哲罗鲑幼鱼放牧式养殖试验研究

2025-08-04单阳

河北渔业 2025年7期

中图分类号：S965.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1004—6755（2025）07-0028—03

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1004-6755.2025.07.006

Experimental study on pasture-based aquaculture of Hucho taimen juvenile in Karasuk Reservoir

SHAN Yang （XinjiangShuifa Ecological TechnologyCo.，Ltd，Urumqi83oooo，China）

Abstract：In order to explore the scientific basis for the pasture-based aquaculture of juvenile Hucho taimen （a kind of important cold - water fish） and promote the optimization，popularization of farming techniques as wellas the sustainable development of the industry，we elaborated on its biological characteristics and existing farming modes in detail，and focused on conducting a pasture-based aquaculture experiment in the Kalasuke Reservoir in Xinjiang. The results showed that this farming method was feasible，with juvenile fish exhibiting good growth rates and robust physical conditions. Meanwhile，key conditions suitable for farming in small- to medium- sized water bodies were identified， and measures to improve farming benefits were pointed out. It is suggested that further research should be carried out on technical measures to enhance the survival rate of juvenile fish，explore a wider range of water areas suitable for pasture-based aquaculture，and screen out potential farming regions through ecological environment assessments of different water bodies.

Key words： Hucho taimen; pasture - based aquaculture; juveniles; growth characteristics; feasibility analysis

哲罗鲑（Huchotaimen）属鲑形目，鲑科，哲罗鲑属，主要分布于额尔齐斯河及其各支流，其生长快，肉质鲜嫩、营养价值与经济价值高、市场需求旺盛[1-2]，是我国大型的名贵冷水性土著鱼类。但传统的池塘流水养殖与循环水车间养殖存在土地占用大、水资源消耗高、建设运营成本高等问题，制约了其规模化发展。放牧式养殖作为一种创新模式，可突破传统局限，降低资源消耗与成本，推动产业多元化发展。

本研究旨在探索哲罗鲑幼鱼放牧式养殖的可行性，分析其生长与成活率的关键影响因素，为优化技术和选择放养水域，探索哲罗鲑可持续养殖新途径，丰富冷水性鱼类养殖理论体系同类研究提供依据。

1材料与方法

1.1 放养水域概况

1.1.1 地理位置与基本参数

试验选定的放养水域位于喀腊塑克水库库湾，与额尔齐斯河相连通。水域面积总计66.67hm² ，平均水深达 15m 。

1.1.2水质环境参数

该水域水温 1～20^∘C ，年均水温 10°C 左右；溶解氧为 7.2～8.5mg/L 。此外，该放养水域遵循不投饵、不施肥的自然养殖原则。

1.2放养水域鱼类资源调查

从2023年7月至2024年4月对放养水域的鱼类资源进行调查。聘请当地经验丰富的专业渔民对水域进行采样。在捕捞现场，对渔获物的种类和数量进行详细统计和分析。

1.3幼鱼的培育及放养

1.3.1幼鱼来源与初始规格

从哈巴河县国强特种鱼养殖合作社购置4万尾哲罗鲑幼鱼。