中图分类号：S812 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1007-0435（2025）07-2184-14

引用格式：代蓉，刘苏兴，王正文，等.不同施肥模式对甘南亚高山草甸植被群落和土壤的影响[J].草地学报，2025，33（7）：2184—2197 ， ， ，et al.Effcts of Different Fertilization Modes on Vegetation and Soilof AlpineMeadow in Gannan Prefecture[J].ActaAgrestia Sinica，2O25，33（7） ：2l84-2197

Effects of Different Fertilization Modes on Vegetation and Soil of Alpine Meadow in Gannan Prefecture

DAI Rong，LIU Su-xing，WANG Zheng-wen， ZHOU Xia-yan，BAI Ya-jun， CAO Wen-xia* （CollegeofPrataculture，GansuAgriculturalUniversity/KeyLaboratoryofPratacultureEcosystemofMinistryofEducation/ China-USResearchCenterforSustainableevelopmentofrassandAnimalHusbandry，LanzhouansuProvince7oCina）

Abstract：In order to explore the effects of thecombinedapplication of organicand inorganic fertilizers on the productivity，vegetation community and soil of the mountain meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau，this study selected the subalpine meadow in Gannan Prefecture as the research object and adopted a random block design. A total of 19 treatments 16 fertilization gradients （F₁-F₆）×3 combined application modes[single organic fertilizer（On）， 80% organic fertilizer +20% inorganic fertilizer（OnCL）， 60% organic fertilizer +40% inorganic fertilizer （ ΔOnCH）+no fertilization treatment （CK）]丨were set up to systematically evaluate the effects of different fertilization gradients and combined application modes on vegetation productivity，population structure and soil fertility. The results showed that fertilization significantly increased above-ground biomass （ .Plt;0.05 ）by 84% to 292% ， but had no significant effect on community diversity. The contents of soil alkali-hydrolytic nitro gen，available phosphorus，organic matter and soil urease activity were significantly increased by 3%-16% ， 4% 1 54% ， 13%-23% and 7%-28% ，respectively ⋅Plt;0.05） .The activity of alkaline phosphatase increased first and then decreased with the increase offertilizer application.Principal component analysis showed that OnCL in F₄ （ N135kg⋅hm^-2 ， P₂O₅67.5kg⋅hm^-2 ， 80% organic fertilizer +20% fertilizer） was the optimal treatment， which provided reference for the soil fertility improvement and restoration ofdegraded subalpine meadows. Key words： Subalpine meadow; Combined application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer; Vegetation community characteristics;Soil enzyme activity;Soil fertility

青藏高原天然草地作为我国重要的草牧业生产基地1，是我国主要牧区之一，其东部的亚高山草甸是重要的绿色生态屏障及黄河上游水源涵养关键区。近年来，人类对草地资源的过度利用导致亚高山草甸的土壤养分长期处于匮乏状态。同时因为气候变化带来的影响，青藏高原面临着草地生态系统退化的巨大风险[2-3]，植被结构的变化主要表现为物种多样性显著降低，毒杂草种群数量急剧增加，优质禾草种群退化[4]。土壤退化作为草地退化的关键因素之一[3]，主要表现在土壤有机质下降、土壤养分循环失衡[5-6]。因此，退化亚高山草甸的恢复是当前亟待解决的重要问题。

施肥作为重要改良措施，不仅可以提高土攘肥力，改善植被群落结构，还可以提高可食牧草产量，避免草地重复退化。有机肥作为传统肥料，具有肥效持久、养分丰富等优点，但其养分浓度较低，肥效释放缓慢，单独施用难以满足农业需求，常搭配养分浓度高、肥效释放较快的无机肥使用。有机肥和无机肥配施不仅能弥补有机肥肥效释放缓慢的不足，还能解决无机肥施用量过高对生态带来的消极影响[8]，进而提高肥料利用效率和草地生产力[9]。然而，目前关于有机肥与无机肥配施对高寒草地的影响的研究却相对有限，尤其缺乏针对亚高山草甸的相关研究。……