中图分类号：S812 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1007-0435（2025）07-2070-08

doi：10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.07.003

引用格式：，等．不同多度等级物种对高寒草甸物种多样性的影响[J].草地学报，2025，33（7）：2070一2077MA Xiao-li，NIU Yu-li，CHEN Zhe，et al.Efectsof Species with Different Abundance Levels on Species DiversityofAlpineMeadow[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica，2025，33（7） ：2070-2077

Effects of Species with Different Abundance Levels on Species Diversity of Alpine Meadow

MA Xiao- ⋅li^⋅1 ，NIU Yu- li^-1 ，CHEN Zhe1，GUAN Jin-hong1，DU Yan-gong²， GUO Xiao-wei²，WANG Shi-xiong1* （1.CollegeofLifeSiences，QinghiNoralUniversity，KeyLboratoryofodiversityFormationMechanismandCompresie Utilization of theQinghai-Xizang Plateauin Qinghai Province，Xining，Qinghai Province 81ooo8，China; 2.NorthwestPlateau InstituteofBiology，Chinese AcademyofScience，Xining，Qinghai Province 81Oo08，China）

Abstract：The formation of species diversity patterns depends on the process of community assembly and species composition of community. The contribution of species with diferent abundance levels to community species diversity is highly controversial. In this study，species were ranked according to their abundance levels， resulting in two sequences-one from rare to common species and the other from common to rare species. Species were then sequentially added，and the changes inspecies diversity were analyzed.Niche breadth and niche overlap values were calculated using theLevins method，with the aim of elucidating thecontributions of rare and common species to the species diversity of alpine meadow plant communities.Our results showed that：（1） The species abundance of alpine meadow showed a logarithmic patern，and the frequency showed a“U”distribution pattern.（2） Common species played a dominant influence on the changes in α diversity. In the two sequences， the contribution rate of common species to α diversity ranges from 20.40% to 59.20% ，while that of rare species was less than 2.80% . Meanwhile，rare species were the primary contributors to β diversity.The contribution rate of rare species to β diversity was higher than 40.69% ，and that of the contribution rate of common species was between 1.06% to 5.40% . This dominant effect of both rare and common species results fromspecies accumulation，with litle diference incontributions from individual species.（3）The nichebreadth and niche overlap of common species were higher than those ofrare species.This finding emphasizes the importance of considering the ecological roles and contributions of different species to ensure the integrity and diversity of conservation， especially when considering different levels of species diversity.

Key words： α diversity ; β diversity;Species abundance;Rare species;Common species;Niche

物种多样性格局及其形成机制是宏观生态学和保护生物学领域研究的经典领域[1]。功能、分布范围各异的物种塑造了群落[2]，影响物种多样性的分布和变化[3]。学者们通过研究不同多度等级物种（稀有种和常见种）对群落物种多样性的贡献探索物种分布格局4，取得了一些关键性结论。刘旻霞等对甘南亚高寒草甸不同坡向物种的多样性进行研究，表明稀有种影响群落的物种多度分布格局，同时也是 a 多样性的重要贡献者[5]。但是Quesada等分别研究了乌拉圭的灌木和乔木、中条山油松（Pinustabuliformis）人工林群落多样性，发现常见种的贡献大于稀有种[6-7]，群落中稀有种的重要性似乎被放大8。因此，关于稀有种与常见种对群落物种多样性的相对贡献仍有争议。β多样性连接了局部 α 多样性和区域 γ 多样性[9]，是物种多样性的重要成分之一[10]，其降低可能导致生物同质化[11]。目前研究多关注整体物种多样性或者α多样性，忽略了β多样性水平的研究，限制了对物种多样性全貌的理解。

近年来，群落中稀有种和常见种共存及其对物种多样性的影响已成为研究热点。米湘成等对古田山亚热带森林和西双版纳热带森林树木的生态位进行分析，发现稀有种往往趋向于占据生态位空间的边缘位置，利用空间上有限且局域稀有的资源避开与优势种的竞争12；常见种占据更广泛的生态位空间，利用多种资源[13]。……