宁夏银北地区不同饲用燕麦品种适应性评价
2025-08-03董嘉莉何建龙杜建民马雪鹏陈彦龙张蓓曹文侠

中图分类号:S544.9 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1007-0435(2025)07-2299-10
引用格式:,等.宁夏银北地区不同饲用燕麦品种适应性评价[J].草地学报,2025,33(7):2299-2308 DONG Jia-li,HEJian-long,DUJian-min,etal.AdaptabilityEvaluationofDiferentForageOat Varieties in Yinbei AreaofNingxia[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2025,33(7) :2299-2308
Adaptability Evaluation of DifferentForage OatVarieties in Yinbei AreaofNingxia
DONG Jia-li¹,HE Jian-long²,DU Jian- ⋅min2 ,MA Xue-peng²,CHENYan-long1,ZHANGBei¹, CAO Wen-xial* (1.KeyLaboatoryofrassandEcosteMnistryofducation/CollgeofPrataluturalScicesuAgriclturalUniversityao Gansu Province7300oChina;2.NingXiaAcademyofAgricultureandForestrySciences,Yinchuan,Ningxia750oChina)
Abstract: In order to select high quality forage oat ( A vena sativa L.) varieties suitable for planting in Yinbei area of Ningxia,12 forage oat varieties were selected as test materials. Their growth characteristics,production characteristicsand nutritional qualitywere measured,and then comprehensively analyzed and evaluated.The results showed that‘Tianyan No.1’had the highest hay yield of 6545.60kg⋅hm-2 ,followedby‘Haiwei’and ‘Bele'.Thedry-fresh ratio of‘Al29’was the smallest,and the stem-leaf ratio of‘Haiwei’was the smallest. The crude ash content of‘Al29’was the highest (8.88% ).The contents of crude fat (1.38% )and crude pro tein(11. 65% )of‘Xiyue’were the highest. The acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber of‘Xiyue' were lower than those of other Forage oat varieties,which were 35.73% and 55.60% ,respectively. Its relative feed value and relative forage quality were also higher than those of other varieties. Through the comprehensive analysis of membership function,the best oat variety is‘Xiyue’,which can be usedas an excelent forage oat variety in Yinbei area ofNingxia.
Key words:Forage oats;Growth traits;Nutritional quality;Correlation analysis;Membership function method
土壤盐碱化和次生盐碱化是土地退化的主要形式,进而影响生态环境。宁夏银北地区处于引黄灌区下游,主要包含石嘴山市及其所辖县区,该地区具有土壤有机质含量和作物产量低等特点,土壤盐碱化已成为影响该地区农业生产可持续发展的重要因素[1]。宁夏银北地区土壤以中性盐(氯化钠)和硫酸钠为主。土壤中存在的过量可溶性盐离子会以渗透胁迫和离子毒害性途径影响作物生长,造成耕地质量和农作物产量下降,制约当地农业发展。此外,银北地区是宁夏畜牧业主要的发展地,草畜产业是当地经济发展的主要支柱之一,已被当地列为重点产业并大力扶持[1-2]。近年来,宁夏将特色肉牛、滩羊产业作为特色农业产业发展方向,对优质饲草的需求持续增加[2-3]。2023中国饲料工业展会上报道,截至2023初,宁夏人工饲草种植面积达38.4万 hm2 以上,饲草产量1134万t,总量已基本满足家畜饲草需求量[3-4]。“十四五\"中为打造成全国重要的畜牧业基地,提高区域优质饲草供给能力,提出优化粮改饲比例,在适应区域引导支持扩大优质饲草种植面积。银北地区受降雨、耕地环境等条件限制,作物种植种类虽多,如青贮玉米(ZeamaysL.)、饲用高粱(SorghunbicolorL.Moench)、苜蓿(MedicagosativaL.)燕麦(AvenasativaL.)等为主,但产量不如其它引黄灌区。
燕麦为禾本科一年生草本植物,作为重要粮饲兼用作物,具有生育期短、适口性好、营养元素丰富等特点,且对干旱、寒冷及土壤养分贫瘠及中低盐碱条件有良好的适应性[3-5]。……
