刘培新 王丹 刘雪玲 张秀玲 莫秋艳 郝二伟

【摘要】动脉粥样硬化是一种常见的血管疾病，其特征是脂质的沉积及发生相关的炎性反应。动脉粥样硬化易损斑块是急性心血管事件的主要病理原因。因此，易损斑块的早期发现和及时干预治疗具有重要的临床意义。尽管临床上已开发出多种针对易损斑块的诊疗方法，但其导致的急性临床事件仍居高不下，而纳米颗粒在这方面表现出了巨大的潜力。纳米颗粒在影像学中应用广泛，因其独特的光学特性，可以高效标记组织和细胞以检测疾病状态；金属纳米颗粒能实现高分辨率成像；还可用作药物递送载体，提高治疗效果。文章回顾了纳米颗粒用于动脉粥样硬化易损斑块靶向诊断的研究进展，探讨纳米颗粒在相关领域的未来发展以及向临床转化的挑战与机遇。

【关键词】动脉粥样硬化；易损斑块；纳米颗粒；靶向诊断；造影剂；分子成像技术

Research progress in nanoparticles in targeted diagnosis of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques

LIU Peixin， WANG Dan， LIU Xueling ， ZHANG Xiuling， MO Qiuyan， HAO Erwei

（Department of Ultrasound， the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine， Nanning 530023， China）

Corresponding author： LIU Xueling， E-mail： nnlxl@sina.com

【Abstract】Atherosclerosis is a common vascular disease， which is characterized by lipid deposition and related inflammatory reactions. Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque is the main pathological cause of acute cardiovascular events. Therefore， early detection and timely interventional treatment of vulnerable plaques are of clinical significance. Although a variety of clinical methods have been developed for the diagnosis and treatment of vulnerable plaques， the acute clinical events caused by vulnerable plaques frequently occur. Nanoparticles have shown huge potential in this regard. Nanoparticles are widely applied in imaging because their unique optical properties can efficiently label tissues and cells to detect the state of disease. Metal nanoparticles can achieve high-resolution imaging， which can also be used as drug delivery carriers to improve therapeutic effect. In this article， recent research progress in the use of nanoparticles in targeted diagnosis of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques was reviewed， and the future development of nanoparticles in related fields and the challenges and opportunities for clinical transformation were also illustrated.

【Key words】Atherosclerosis； Vulnerable plaque； Nanoparticles； Targeted diagnosis； Contrast medium；

Molecular imaging technique

动脉粥样硬化（atherosclerosis，AS）是一种慢性炎症性疾病，其发生发展与内皮细胞损伤、脂质沉积、炎症细胞浸润密切相关。AS在西方国家是主要死因之一，而随着中国人民生活水平的提高，其病死率在中国也逐渐上升。流行病学研究显示，由易损斑块破裂引起的心血管事件病死率从1990年的11%上升到2016年的25%［1］。AS是进行性疾病，早期无明显症状，但会逐渐形成斑块。斑块容易破裂形成血栓，引发心脑血管事件。准确评估斑块进展和易损程度对预防心脑血管病至关重要。……