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海藻希瓦菌对小鼠结直肠腺瘤发生发展及其免疫微环境的影响

2024-07-13徐微微阳柳思徐婧周有连王红

新医学 2024年6期

徐微微 阳柳思 徐婧 周有连 王红

【摘要】目的 明确海藻希瓦菌(S.algae)对小鼠结直肠腺瘤发生发展的影响及探讨其对免疫微环境的调控作用。方法 将24只小鼠分为3组:对照组、偶氮甲烷(AOM)/葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)组、AOM/DSS+S.algae组。比较各组小鼠的生存状态和结直肠腺瘤情况。取AOM/DSS组、AOM/DSS+S.algae组小鼠结直肠组织进行转录组测序,利用基因集富集分析和免疫浸润分析其免疫相关通路、免疫细胞和免疫因子的变化。结果 与AOM/DSS组相比,AOM/DSS+S.algae组小鼠体质量、存活率均下降,血便情况加重,生存状态较差、结直肠长度缩短(P均< 0.05),平均腺瘤数量及大小增多(P均< 0.05)。与AOM/DSS组相比,AOM/DSS+S.algae组炎症反应增强(P < 0.05),促炎细胞因子白介素(IL)-2、IL-6、IL-12、IL-17、干扰素、肿瘤坏死因子(P均< 0.05)和IL-1β的产生呈上升趋势,抑炎细胞因子IL-4、IL-10、IL-13(P均< 0.05)和转化生长因子β呈抑制趋势,初始B细胞和效应B细胞(P < 0.05)呈增多趋势,且激活小鼠体内核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路。结论 S.algae可能通过激活免疫信号(如活化B细胞和激活NF-κB通路),形成促肿瘤免疫微环境,进而促进结直肠腺瘤发展。

【关键词】海藻希瓦菌;结直肠腺瘤;免疫微环境;NF-κB;B细胞

Effect of Shewanella algae on the incidence and progression of colorectal adenoma and immune microenvironment in mice

XU Weiwei1, YANG Liusi1, XU Jing1, ZHOU Youlian2, WANG Hong1, 2

(1.School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; 2.Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China)

Corresponding author: WANG Hong, E-mail: eywanghong@scut.edu.cn

【Abstract】Objective To investigate the effect of Shewanella algae (S.algae) on the occurrence and development of colorectal adenoma and its regulatory effect on the immune microenvironment in mice. Methods   Twenty-four mice were divided into three groups: control group, azoxymethane (AOM)/ dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) group, AOM/DSS+S.algae group. The survival status and colorectal adenoma of mice were compared among three groups. Colorectal tissues in the AOM/DSS group and AOM/DSS+

S.algae group were collected for high-throughput RNA-seq. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA)and cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT) were used to analyze the changes of immune-related pathways, immune cells and immune factors. Results Compared with the AOM/DSS group, the body weight (P < 0.05) and survival rate were decreased, the hematochezia was aggravated, the survival status was worsened,the colorectal length was shortened (all P < 0.05), and the average number and size of adenomas were significantly increased (both P < 0.05) in the AOM/DSS+S.algae group. Compared with the AOM/DSS group, the inflammatory responses were significantly enhanced in AOM/DSS+S.algae group (P < 0.05). The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, interferon (IFN), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (all P < 0.05) and IL-1β showed an upward trend in the AOM/DSS+S.algae group, while the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 (all P < 0.05) and transforming growth factor β showed an inhibitory trend. Both naive B cells and plasma cells (both P < 0.05) were increased in AOM/DSS+S.algae group, and the nuclear factor -κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway was activated. Conclusion S.algae may form a tumor-promoting immune microenvironment by activating immune signals, such as activation of B cells and activation of the NF-κB pathway, and then promote the development of colorectal adenoma.

【Key words】 Shewanella algae; Colorectal adenoma; Immune microenvironment; NF-κB; B cell

结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是全球癌症相关死亡的第二大原因,在最新发布的全球癌症统计中,2022年全球估计有2 000万例新发病例和970万例癌症死亡。其中在2 000万例新发病例中CRC占9.6%(仅次于肺癌和女性乳腺癌),在970万例癌症死亡病例中CRC占9.3%(仅次于肺癌)[1]。在美国每年约有15万例CRC新发病例[2],近年来,由于饮食及生活方式的改变,我国CRC发病率和病死率逐年上升,发病模式也逐渐接近发达国家[3]。结直肠腺瘤(colorectal adenoma, CRA)是由正常结直肠黏膜组织逐渐演变为异常增生(息肉、腺瘤),被公认为CRC癌前病变[4]。“腺瘤-癌”为大多数CRC的发生模式[5]。

肠道菌群失衡已被证实是与CRA形成及CRC 发生发展密切相关的重要因素[6-7]。课题组前期研究发现,作为CRC的早期事件,CRA患者亦存在肠菌失衡现象,进展期CRA患者肠道菌群结构显著区别于正常人和CRC患者[8-9],其中,海藻希瓦菌(Shewanella algae,S.algae)的过度增殖与CRA形成和CRC发生发展呈正相关[10],提示S.algae在CRA的发病机制中可能发挥关键作用。……

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