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单侧重度肾积水解除梗阻后肾功能恢复不佳的影响因素分析

2024-07-13杨春亭林佳钦高中山李志斌郑展图

新医学 2024年6期

杨春亭 林佳钦 高中山 李志斌 郑展图

【摘要】目的 分析单侧重度肾积水患者解除梗阻后肾功能恢复不佳的影响因素,为预测肾功能恢复提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2015至2022年东莞东华医院收治的55例单侧重度肾积水且肾小球滤过率(GFR)<10 mL/min患者的病例资料,所有患者均采用经皮肾穿刺造瘘临时解除梗阻,根据肾功能的恢复情况分为肾功能恢复组和肾功能未恢复组,收集并分析解除梗阻后肾功能恢复的影响因素。结果 55例重度肾积水行经皮肾造瘘解除梗阻后,30例(54.5%)肾功能恢复,25例(45.5%)肾功能恢复不佳。单因素分析显示,2组患者的性别、患肾侧别、BMI、糖尿病史、高血压病史、造瘘前肾小球滤过率(GFR)、患肾尿液pH值等指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);

2组患者的年龄、肾实质厚度、患肾GFR与总GFR比值、肾积水感染状态以及造瘘后患肾尿量比较差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,造瘘前患肾GFR与总GFR比值(OR=0.24,95%CI 0.06~0.98)和造瘘后患肾尿量(OR=0.04,95%CI 0.01~0.25)为造瘘后肾功能恢复的影响因素。结论 GFR<10 mL/min的单侧重度肾积水使用经皮肾造瘘临时解除梗阻后,部分患者的肾功能可恢复;造瘘前患肾GFR与总GFR比值<10%和造瘘后患肾尿量<400 mL/d为患肾功能恢复不佳的影响因素,临床医师可根据患肾造瘘前的GFR与总GFR值和尿量预测患肾功能的恢复情况。

【关键词】肾积水;输尿管梗阻;肾功能;肾小球滤过率;经皮肾穿刺造瘘

Analysis of factors influencing poor recovery of renal function after unilateral severe hydronephrosis with relief of obstruction

YANG Chunting1 , LIN Jiaqin1, GAO Zhongshan2, LI Zhibin1, ZHENG Zhantu1

(1. Department of Urology, Dongguan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan 523110, China; 2. Department of Nuclear Medicine,

Dongguan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan 523110, China)

Corresponding author: YANG Chunting, E-mail: yangchunting2005@163.com

【Abstract】Objective To analyze the factors influencing poor recovery of renal function in patients with severe unilateral hydronephrosis after relief of obstruction, providing evidence for predicting the recovery of renal function. Methods Clinical data of 55 patients with severe unilateral hydronephrosis and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 10 mL/min admitted to Tungwah Hospital from 2015 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent percutaneous nephrostomy for temporary relief of the obstruction. Based on the recovery of renal function, all patients were divided into the recovery group and non-recovery group, and the factors influencing renal function recovery after nephrostomy were collected and analyzed. Results Among 55 patients treated with percutaneous nephrostomy for severe hydronephrosis, renal function was recovered in 30 cases (54.5%), and poor recovery in 25 cases (45.5%). Univariate analysis showed no significant differences in terms of gender, side, body mass index (BMI), history of diabetes mellitus, history of hypertension, pre-nephrostomy GFR, and urinary pH of the affected kidney between the recovery and non-recovery groups (all P > 0.05). However, there were significant differences in age, renal parenchymal thickness, ratio of GFR of the affected kidney to total GFR, presence of renal infection, and post-nephrostomy urinary output of the affected kidney between two groups (all P < 0.05). Further multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a pre-nephrostomy ratio of GFR of the affected kidney to total GFR (OR=0.24, 95%CI 0.06-0.98) and a post-nephrostomy urinary output of the affected kidney (OR=0.04, 95%CI 0.01-0.25) were the independent influencing factors of poor recovery of renal function after nephrostomy. Conclusions Partial patients with severe unilateral hydronephrosis and a GFR <10 mL/min can obtain renal function recovery after temporary relief of obstruction via percutaneous nephrostomy. The pre-nephrostomy ratio of GFR of the affected kidney to total GFR <10% and post-nephrostomy urinary output of the affected kidney <400 mL/day are the independent influencing factors for poor recovery of renal function, which can guide clinicians in predicting renal outcome.

【Key words】Hydronephrosis; Ureteral obstruction; Renal function; Glomerular filtration rate; Percutaneous nephrostomy

成人单侧梗阻性肾积水是泌尿外科的常见病、多发病,往往由输尿管梗阻引起,病因多为结石、狭窄、肿瘤、先天性泌尿畸形等[1]。输尿管梗阻可导致肾集合系统扩张、积水、肾实质变薄并逐渐萎缩,最终造成肾脏结构改变及功能损害[2]。目前,临床评价单侧肾功能的常用指标是肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate, GFR),通常采用发射型计算机断层成像技术(emission computed tomography, ECT)检测。临床以患肾GFR<10 mL/min为“无功能肾”的标准,并作为切除患肾的重要指征[3]。但是,部分患者在解除梗阻后,肾功能可得到有效的恢复,成功保留肾脏,另有部分患者解除梗阻后,肾功能恢复不佳,造成继发感染或者高血压,需要二次手术切除患肾[4]。因此,了解患肾功能恢复的影响因素具有重要意义,通过分析相关的影响因素可以预判肾功能的恢复情况,或者进行针对性干预,可为患者选择保肾还是切肾的决策提供参考。影响单侧肾积水患肾功能恢复的因素众多且复杂,目前尚未完全阐明[5]。基于此,本研究回顾性分析2015至2022年行经皮肾穿刺造瘘临时解除梗阻、单侧重度肾积水且GFR<10 mL/min的患者临床资料,观察患肾功能的恢复情况,探索影响患肾功能恢复的因素,现报道如下。

1 对象与方法

1.1 研究对象

回顾性收集2015至2022年我院收治的55例单侧重度肾积水患者的病历资料,其中男30例、女25例,年龄23~62岁,中位年龄41.8岁,患肾为左肾28例、右肾27例。肾积水的原因为输尿管结石35例、继发性输尿管狭窄16例、先天性肾盂输尿管连接处(ureteropelvic junction,UPJ)狭窄4例。患肾造瘘前的GFR为4.1~9.8 mL/min,平均为6.6 mL/min。纳入标准:① 年龄>18岁,单侧上尿路梗阻性肾积水;② 患肾的GFR<10 mL/min;

③ 对侧肾功能正常,总肾功能正常(血清肌酐浓度<116 μmol/L);④ 梗阻病因为结石或者输尿管狭窄;⑤ 行经皮肾穿刺造瘘;⑥ 患者保肾意愿强烈,可按照医嘱坚持随访。排除标准:① 合并下尿路梗阻者;② 合并泌尿系统肿瘤、结核者;③ 伴有肾病综合征、肾小球肾炎等免疫性肾病或者多囊肾、髓质海绵肾等先天性肾脏疾病者;④ 孕妇;⑤ 伴有严重的全身性疾病如肝功能异常、心肺功能不全、凝血功能障碍、精神异常者。本研究经医院伦理委员会审核通过(批件号:2021-KY-002),入组患者均已签署知情同意书。

1.2 研究方法

1.2.1 解除梗阻

入组患者均具有强烈的保肾意愿,同意先通过经皮肾穿刺造瘘临时解除梗阻,4~6周后根据患肾功能恢复的情况,再确定进一步的治疗方案。经……

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