摘要：从三个时间段出发，论述了从鸦片战争到新中国成立前即近代时期西北民族地区城市的发展变迁。19世纪中后期，在洋务运动和清末新政代表的现代化变革的推动下，西北民族地区城市现代化发展正式开启，虽然成效远远不如内地，但其对西北民族地区发展所起的推动作用显而易见。民国时期，西北民族地区政局动荡不安，军阀割据和混战不断，各族人民深陷极度贫困、哀鸿遍野的境地，民穷财尽、经济萧条，城镇屡遭破坏，城市发展缓慢迟滞。日本帝国主义悍然发动侵华战争，中国人民承受了巨大的苦痛和灾难，身处大后方的西北民族地区城市却获得了畸形发展的机会。从抗战胜利到中华人民共和国成立，是西北民族地区城市进程中的停滞时期，城市建设几无可取之处。

关键词：近代；西北民族地区；城市；发展

中图分类号：F299.27;K291/297文献标识码：A文章编号：2095-6916（2024）12-0015-06

The Development and Changes of Cities in the Northwest Ethnic Regions of China in Modern Times

Xue Fan1，2

（1. School of Marxism， Zhejiang University of Science and Technology， Hangzhou 310023; 2. North Minzu University， Yinchuan 750021）

Abstract： Starting from three time periods， this article discusses the development and changes of cities in the northwest ethnic regions of China from the Opium War to the pre-establishment period of the Peoples Republic of China in modern times. In the mid-to-late 19th century， under the impetus of the modernization reform represented by the Westernization Movement and the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty， the urban modernization in the northwest ethnic regions was officially launched. Although the effect was far less than that of the mainland， its role in promoting the development of the northwest ethnic areas was obvious. During the Republic of China period， the political situation in the northwest ethnic regions of China was turbulent with continuous warlordism. People of all ethnic groups were deeply trapped in a situation of extreme poverty， grief and despair. The people were destitute， the economy was depressed， towns were repeatedly destroyed and urban development was slow and sluggish. Japanese imperialism launched a war of aggression against China that made Chinese people suffer enormous pain and disaster. However， the cities in the northwest ethnic areas located in the rear area have gained opportunities for abnormal development. The period from the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan to the founding of the Peoples Republic of China was a period of stagnation in the urban process of the northwest ethnic areas and the urban construction there had little to be desired.

Keywords： modern times; northwest ethnic regions; city; development

当中国被西方列强的坚船利炮轰开了紧闭的国门被迫开始现代化历程，随着帝国主义侵略一步步从海疆蚕食到陆疆，边疆危机步步紧逼，瓜分狂潮亦步亦趋。各民族群众同仇敌忾，不断反抗帝国主义侵略的过程中，不仅亲身感受到洋枪洋炮洋操的强大威力，同时亦不可避免领略到西方城市文明带来的冲击。当内地洋务运动的影响传递到边疆民族地区，孕育出近代化城市文明要素，西北民族地区城市发展模式向西方学习成为必然选择，其城市现代化改革发展也同时起步。……