自我效能理论在妊娠期糖尿病患者母乳喂养护理中的应用效果

2024-01-21胡小珍张美丽

婚育与健康 2023年24期

胡小珍张美丽

【摘要】目的：探讨自我效能理论在妊娠期糖尿病患者母乳喂养护理中的应用效果。方法：选择90例妊娠期糖尿病患者为研究对象，时间为2022年1月—2022年12月，將受试者根据随机数字表法进行分组，各45例，对照组患者给予常规母乳喂养护理，研究组患者则联合开展自我效能理论干预，对比两组患者的母乳喂养自信心及自我效能感、母乳喂养知识评分、DOLⅡ发生率、产后泌乳及哺乳情况、护理满意度。结果：护理后两组患者BSES及CSES评分较护理前明显升高，且研究组患者升高幅度较对照组更为明显（P<0.05）；研究组患者DOLⅡ发生率较对照组低，干预后两组患者母乳喂养知识评分较干预前均明显升高，且研究组升高较对照组更为明显（P<0.05）；研究组患者每日哺乳次数、产后3d泌乳量及母乳喂养成功率较对照组更高，泌乳始动时间及泌乳量充足时间较对照组更短（P<0.05）；研究组患者护理总满意度较对照组高（P<0.05）。结论：自我效能理论干预有助于帮助患者掌握母乳喂养知识，提高母乳喂养自信心及自我效能感，患者满意度高，对提高妊娠期糖尿病患者母乳喂养成功率具有促进作用。

【关键词】自我效能理论；妊娠期糖尿病；母乳喂养；BSES评分；CSES评分

Application of self-efficacy theory in breast feeding nursing of pregnant women with diabetes

HU Xiaozhen， ZHANG Meili

Fufeng County Peoples Hospital， Baoji， Shaanxi 722299， China

【Abstract】Objective： To explore the application of self-efficacy theory in breast feeding nursing of pregnant women with diabetes. Methods： 90 patients with gestational diabetes were selected as the research object， and the time was from January 2022 to December 2022. The subjects were grouped according to the random number table method， with 45 cases in each group. The control group received routine breast feeding nursing， while the study group was given self-efficacy theory intervention on the basis of the control group. The self-confidence and self-efficacy of breast feeding， the score of breast feeding knowledge， the incidence of DOLⅡ， postpartum lactation and lactation， and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results： After nursing， the BSES and CSES scores of the two groups significantly increased compared to before nursing， and the increase in the study group was more significant than the control group（P<0.05）. The incidence of DOL II in the study group was lower than that in the control group. After intervention， the scores of breast feeding knowledge in both groups were significantly higher than before intervention， and the increase in the study group was more significant than that in the control group（P<0.05）. The daily breast feeding frequency， postpartum lactation volume， and success rate of breast feeding in the study group were higher than those in the control group， and the initiation time and sufficient lactation volume were shorter than those in the control group（P<0.05）. The overall nursing satisfaction of the study group was higher than that of the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion： The intervention of self-efficacy theory is helpful to help patients master breast feeding knowledge， improve breast feeding self-confidence and self-efficacy， and has a high degree of patient satisfaction， which can promote the success rate of breast feeding in patients with gestational diabetes.

【Key Words】Self-efficacy theory； Gestational diabetes； Breast feeding； BSES score； CSES score

妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是妊娠期的特有疾病，其病因与患者生育年龄及饮食生活习惯有关，若血糖控制不佳不仅可导致不良妊娠结局，还会增加2型糖尿病的发生风险[1]。母乳喂养在改善GDM患者葡萄糖代谢、降低儿童成年后糖尿病发生率方面具有重要作用，而实践证实GDM患者产后母乳喂养率较低，且持续时间较短，因此强化GDM患者母乳喂养一直是产科护理中的重要内容[2]。自我效能理论强调自我效能感在个体行为改变中的重要作用，常被广泛应用在医疗卫生领域及学校教育中[3]。为此该研究选取90例妊娠期糖尿病患者为研究对象，探讨自我效能理论的实施效果，现进行如下报道。