E. B. 怀特和他的英语句子(二)
2023-08-21刘士聪
刘士聪
大約在1956年3月下旬,E. B.怀特在佛罗里达观看John Ringling North的马戏表演,之后写了散文“The Ring of Time”。E. B. White Reader一书编者说,作者通过观看骑手的表演向我们展示了“the eternity of youth”。这是一篇好散文,我们从中选几个片段,学习、研究他的句子,揣摩他的写作技巧。
下面这个段落是该文的开头部分,写驯马师遛马的情景。她牵着缰绳,让马围着场地反时针方向转,为了尽量让马走一个很大的圈,她也在场地中央随着马走一个小圈。
例1:The long rein, or tape, by which the woman guided her charge counterclockwise in his dull career formed the radius of their private circle, of which she was the revolving center; and she, too, stepped a tiny circumference of her own, in order to accommodate the horse and allow him his maximum scope.
这是一个较长的并列句,意思比较复杂,但句子的构成却很清晰。分号之前是一个主从复合句,主干部分“The long rein, or tape... formed the radius of their private circle”中有一个of which引起的从句;分号之后的“and she, too, stepped a tiny circumference of her own...”是并列句的后半部分,也是一个简单句,其中有一个由by which引起的从句,并含有一个由“in order to...”引出的短语。
留意一下句中的to accommodate the horse and allow him his maximum scope,这里的to accommodate义为to provide enough space,驯马人这样做是为了给马提供足够的空间让他跑圈;后面的maximum scope表达了同样的意思。其中动词accommodate用得好,值得揣摩,可以模仿。
在这段文字里,怀特细致而清晰地描绘了一个微妙的场景。他擅长写复杂句子,安排好句子的主干成分之后,特别会用定语从句,或后置的限定、修饰成分,阅读他的作品时可注意这一点。
例2: 文中有一个描写骑马女郎穿泳衣在马背上表演的段落,我们将这段文字分作四个句子来分析:
1. Twice she managed a one-foot stance—a sort of ballet pose, with arms outstretched.
她曾两次单腿站在马背上,两臂向外伸展,很像芭蕾舞的动作。这里的stance是站在马背上的一个姿势;pose一般是有意摆出的姿态,在这个上下文里,二者意思大体相当。
2. At one point the neck strap of her bathing suit broke and she went twice around her ring in the classic attitude of a woman making minor repairs to a garment.
女郎正在表演时,挂在脖子上的泳衣背带断了,这很尴尬。……
