王彦威 郭贵川

摘要：西方思想中尽管未曾直接使用“家风”这一概念，但关于家风问题的探讨并不缺席。精英主义政治学家莫斯卡认为，家庭是对成员德性养成影响最大的环境因素。这些德性中最重要的是“明智”，它更容易为“统治阶级”即社会精英所拥有，这一论断可溯源至亚里士多德。统治阶级通过其家庭道德教育实现德性的传承，进而实现统治阶级自身的再生产。相应的德性保证了行动者在社会各场域斗争中居于优势地位，因此构成为德性资本。家风就是家庭成员所拥有的德性资本的总和。运用布迪厄“场域—资本—惯习”三位一体的分析方法，可以深度解析与重组莫斯卡的家风思想，提出一种基于现代西方学术研究成果的新家风理论。

关键词：德性资本；家风；明智；精英再生产

中图分类号：D649文献标识码：A文章编号：2095-6916（2023）14-0043-06

The Inheritance of Family Virtue Capital as a Mechanism of Elite Reproduction

—An Analysis of Moscas Thought of “Family Values”

Wang Yanwei1Guo Guichuan2

（1. School of Marxism， Guangdong Polytechnic， Foshan  528041; 2. Beijing University of Agriculture， Beijing  102206）

Abstract： Although the concept of “family tradition” has not been used directly in Western thoughts， it has been discussed. Mosca， an elitist political scientist， held the view that family is the most important environmental factor influencing virtue cultivation among its members. Phronesis is the most important virtue of all， which is more easily acquired by the ruling class， i.e. the social elite. This assertion can be traced back to Aristotle. The ruling class realizes virtues inheritance through family moral education and then achieves its own reproduction. The corresponding virtue guarantees the preeminence of actors in the various social fields， and so constitutes virtual capital. Family tradition is the sum of virtual capital possessed by family members. Using Bourdieus trinity analysis method of “field-capital-habitus”， we can deeply analyze and reorganize Moscas idea of “family tradition” and propose a new theory of it based on the findings of modern Western academic research.

Keywords： virtue capital; family values; phronesis; elite reproduction

道德風貌是特定人群的整体道德状况，“家风则体现家庭的整体道德风貌”［1］。习近平总书记多次强调，要发挥家风的道德教育功能，“家庭教育涉及很多方面，但最重要的是品德教育，是如何做人的教育”［2］；家风也是民风国风的风向标，“家风好，就能家道兴盛、和顺美满；家风差，难免殃及子孙、贻害社会”，只有“千千万万个家庭的家风好，子女教育得好，社会风气好才有基础”［3］。

中国古代社会呈现鲜明的“家国同构”的结构性特征，如“三纲五常”的核心价值观不仅是立国之基，同样乃立家之本。《礼记·大学》指出，“欲治其国者，先齐其家”，即是说，统治阶级成员对家庭道德生活的有序治理，是达成国家总体道德治理目标的前提。……