控制灌溉对滨海稻区水稻生育及产量的影响
2023-07-21李蔚然于小彭展广军王康健申祺于艳青
李蔚然 于小彭 展广军 王康健 申祺 于艳青



摘 要:为探究水稻控制灌溉在水稻实际生产中的应用,本试验以盐丰47为供试材料,在辽宁省盐碱地利用研究所试验基地水稻灌溉试验场进行试验,试验设计了常规淹水灌溉和控制灌溉两种灌溉方式。对比两种水稻灌溉方式,结果表明:控制灌溉不会改变水稻生育期的整体规律,可以有效抑制无效分蘖,促进水稻茎秆紧密粗壮,提高抗倒伏性,结实率、有效穗数、水稻理论产量与淹水灌溉相比,均有所增加。
关键词:控制灌溉;淹水灌溉;水稻产量
Effects of Controlled Irrigation on Rice Growth and Yield in Coastal Rice Region
LI Wei-ran , YU Xiao-peng , ZHAN Guang-jun , WANG Kang-jian , SHEN Qi , YU Yan-qing
(Liaoning Institute of Saline-Alkali Land Utilization, Panjin Liaoning 124010, China)
Abstract: In order to explore the application of controlled irrigation in rice production,Yanfeng-47 was used as the test material in the rice irrigation test field in the test base of Liaoning Institute of Saline-alkali Land Utilization. Two irrigation methods, conventional flooding irrigation and controlled irrigation, were designed in the test, and the two irrigation methods were compared. The results showed that controlled irrigation did not change the overall rule of rice growth and development,but could effectively inhibit ineffective tillering, promote compact and stout stem, improve lodging resistance,and increase seed setting rate,effective panicle number and rice yield compared with flooded irrigation.
Key words: Controlled irrigation; Flooding irrigation; Yield
隨着全球淡水资源日益短缺,水资源如何提高利用率一直是世界各国普遍关注的问题,而我国又是农业大国,其中用于农业用水的淡水占全部用水的近70%[1],足以说明提高我国的农业用水利用率又是重中之重。我国淡水资源利用率低,目前农业灌溉用水的利用率只有40%-50%左右,远低于国外发达国家的70%-80%[2]。我国是种植水稻大国,根据多年相关研究及统计,在农田灌溉过程中,水稻灌溉的实际用水量约为8500 m3/667 m2,但是在理论计算中,水稻生理需水量仅为2700-4000 m3/667 m2[3],可以看出有50%以上的淡水资源在水稻生产中不需要而且无法再次利用。
水稻节水灌溉研究是要在水稻实际生产中不减产、甚至增产的前提下,科学合理的分配灌溉用水[4],所以采用水稻控制灌溉技术进行农田灌溉,在合理提高农业用水资源利用率的前提下展示出节水灌溉的优势,并且促进水稻生长发育,提高水稻产量[5]。……
