储藏过程中稻米品质的变化
2023-07-21陈虎贾旭东赵飞刘建
陈虎 贾旭东 赵飞 刘建
摘 要:稻米品质不仅受水稻品种遗传特性和栽培条件影响,还会在储藏过程中发生变化。稻米的部分品质指标受储藏温度或储藏时间影响较大。稻米在储藏过程中,淀粉和蛋白质在含量方面的变化很小,但在成分及微观结构方面变化明显,从而影响蒸煮品质;挥发性物质的变化可能使稻米品质变劣,也可能使稻米具有独特的风味。综述了稻米的部分外观品质指标、蒸煮品质指标以及化学物质在不同储藏条件下发生的变化,以期为相关研究提供助力。
关键词:储藏条件;稻米品质;指标变化
Changes in Rice Quality During Storage
CHEN Hu , JIA Xu-dong , ZHAO Fei* , LIU Jian*
(Tianjin Agricultural University, College of Agronomy & Resource and Environment, Tianjin 300384, China)
Abstract: Rice quality is not only affected by genetic characteristics of rice varieties and cultivation conditions, but also changes during storage. Some quality indexes of rice were affected by storage temperature or storage time. During rice storage, the content of starch and protein changed little, but the composition and microstructure changed obviously, which affected the cooking quality. The changes of volatile substances may make the quality of rice deteriorate, and may also make the rice have a unique flavor. In this paper, some appearance quality indexes, cooking quality indexes and the changes of chemical substances in rice under different storage conditions were reviewed in order to provide support for related research.
Key words: Storage conditions; Rice quality; Index change
水稻是主要的粮食作物,全世界半数以上的人口以稻米为主食——在中国这个比例更高。近年来,随着国民生活水平的提高,人们对稻米品质的要求不断提高。稻米品质不仅受水稻品种遗传特性和栽培条件影响,还会在储藏过程中发生变化。稻谷储藏是水稻收获后延长保质期和展现商业价值的重要步骤,在储藏期间稻谷的化学和物理性质会发生许多变化[1]。相比新鲜稻米,储藏过的稻米具有更好的制粉品质[2],并且往往会产生独特的风味而受人喜爱[3]。良好的稻谷储存系统,对维持谷物供应及谷物品质至关重要[4]。
储藏过程中稻谷老化的机制很复杂,可能受多种内源酶的影响,淀粉、蛋白质和脂类的含量及结构发生改变,从而导致稻米质量发生变化[2,5]。淀粉晶层结构、链长分布的变化,影响了稻米热力学特性,从而使蒸煮难易程度发生变化。……
