摘  要：水稻钵盘旱育机插秧绿色高效生产新技术是水稻机械化生产的升级换代新技术，该技术比传统平盘（软盘）育秧机插技术更先进，播量精确均匀，育秧效率高，育成的秧苗整齐健壮，移栽不伤根，分蘖早而多，穗层整齐、成穗率高，产出的稻米品质优，节本增效。从鲁东南稻区生产实际出发，主要从机插水稻品种的选择、育秧土及秧床准备、播种摆盘、育秧管理、大田准备、插秧、大田管理等方面总结介绍了该项水稻生产新技术。

关键词：鲁东南稻区；水稻；钵盘旱育机插秧；技术

New Technology of Green and Efficient Production of Rice Transplanting by Rice Bowl Upland-breeding Machine in Southeast of Shandong Province

JIN Gui-xiu

（Linyi Agricultural Academy of Sciences， Linyi Shandong 276012， China）

Abstract： The new technology of green and efficient production of rice transplanting by rice bowl upland-breeding machine is a new upgrading technology of mechanized rice production. The technology is more advanced than the traditional flat plate （floppy disk） seedling planting machine technology， the sowing amount is accurate and uniform， the seedling efficiency is high， the cultivated seedlings are neat and healthy， the transplanting does not hurt the root， the tillering is early and more， the ear layer is neat， the spike rate is high， the output rice quality is excellent， cost saving and benefit increasing. Based on the actual production of rice in southeast Shandong Province， the new rice production technology was summarized and introduced mainly from the aspects of selection of rice varieties， preparation of soil and seedling bed， sowing arrangement， seedling management， field preparation， seedling transplanting and field management.

Key words： Southeast Shandong rice region; Rice; Rice transplanting by rice bowl upland-breeding machine; Technology

水稻缽盘旱育机插秧绿色高效生产新技术是2021年山东省农业主推新技术之一[1]，作为水稻机械化生产的升级换代新技术，其钵盘旱育机插秧与传统平盘（软盘）或毯式育秧机插相比有明显的技术优势，与传统手插秧相比更是大幅度减轻劳动强度，节约人力物力和综合成本[2]。

传统平盘（软盘）或毯状钵盘育秧，育成后秧苗整张连片，机插秧时秧爪强行取苗分苗，造成伤根伤流，损害整株机体，影响返青分蘖进而最终影响稻米的产量品质。新技术采用机械均匀精量播种，使用的硬质塑料钵体育秧盘带有448个圆形或者方形的钵位，育成独立完整的穴苗；且钵盘底孔为Y型，插秧时钵苗专用插秧机顶杆将整穴秧苗自钵位顶出，机械部夹住茎秆直接摆栽，不伤根不伤流，秧苗无返青期，早生快发，在水肥气热光等生产要素的利用上达到效益最大化[3]。

传统插秧机要求秧苗必须在3叶1心左右插秧，即等返青后再分蘖，以减轻对第4、5叶分蘖的影响。……