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缓/控释肥对沈阳地区水稻生产作用浅析

2023-07-21霍晓阳

北方水稻 2023年3期
关键词:水稻产量

摘  要:缓/控释肥是一种能根据作物养分需求缓慢释放养分的肥料。它对水稻的增产和提高稻米品质有不可忽视的作用,是对传统化肥长期施用后存在的一系列问题给出的新的解决思路和方法。本试验针对沈阳地区化肥施用现状,利用普通复合肥(28-11-11)为对照(CK)与不同缓/控释肥处理进行对比,并对不同处理间的株高、实粒数、秕粒数、千粒重、单位面积产量以及单位面积经济收入等数据进行了分析和比较。从数据的初步分析可知,水稻缓/控释肥处理相比于对照(CK)能够在水稻多项农艺性状以及单位面积产量、经济收益上有促进作用。并希望借此对沈阳地区水稻的高产、高效,可持续发展提供一定的理论支持和指导。

关键词:水稻;缓/控释肥;农艺性状;产量

Effect of Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizer on Rice Production in Shenyang

HUO Xiao-yang

(Shenyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110034, China)

Abstract: Slow/controlled release fertilizer is a fertilizer that can slowly release nutrients according to crop nutrient requirements. It plays an undeniable role in increasing rice yield and improving rice quality, and provides new solutions and methods for a series of problems that exist after long-term application of traditional fertilizers. This experiment focuses on the current situation of fertilizer application in Shenyang region, using common compound fertilizer (28-11-11) as a control (CK) and different slow/controlled release fertilizer treatments to compare and analyze data such as plant height, solid grain number, number of grains, thousand grain weight, yield per unit area, and economic income per unit area among different treatments. From the preliminary analysis of the data, it can be seen that the slow/controlled release fertilizer treatment in rice can promote multiple agronomic traits, yield per unit area, and economic benefits compared to the control (CK). And I hope to provide certain theoretical support and guidance for the high yield, high efficiency, and sustainable development of rice in Shenyang region through this.

Key words: Rice; Slow/controlled release fertilizer; Agronomic traits; Yield

水稻是辽宁地区重要的粮食作物之一,随着机械化进程的推进和市场需求的变化,2021年,辽宁地区的水稻种植面积约为520 000 hm2左右。沈阳地区水稻种植业发展迅速,种植面积稳中有升。随着当地产业结构的改变,气候变暖、自然降水减少、以及化肥农药的过量施用等一系列问题,在一定程度上滞缓了当地水稻生产快速发展。随着机械化的推进,农村现有青壮年劳动力向城市转移,这种情况促使水稻生产向集约化种植模式转变,这不仅仅是沈阳地区农村种植模式发展的趋势,也是全国各稻作区发展的总体趋势。

我国稻谷年产量2014年达到20 650万t,到2021年以来保持穩步上升趋势。除优良品种的选育进度加快和引进良种的推广之外,另一个不可忽视的因素就是肥料的改良和肥料合理化施用技术的推广。……

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