水稻测土配方施肥技术对化肥利用率的影响
2023-07-21林玉娟周才良王祝余蒋红花陈双双
林玉娟 周才良 王祝余 蒋红花 陈双双



摘 要:为实现水稻化肥减量增效,进行了两年的水稻测土配方施肥技术中氮磷钾肥利用率试验研究,结果表明:水稻采用测土配方施肥技术,氮肥(N)利用率提高4.83%~5.92%,磷肥(P2O5)利用率提高1.25%~3.54%,钾肥(K2O)利用率提高7.41%~13.93%。试验结果可以为推广测土配方施肥技术,实现化肥减量增效提供决策依据。
关键词:水稻;氮磷钾;肥料利用率
Effect of Formula Fertilization on Rice by Soil Testing on Utilization Efficiency of Fertilizer
LIN Yu-juan , ZHOU Cai-liang , WANG Zhu-yu , JIANG Hong-hua , CHEN Shuang-shuang
(1 Xiangshui Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Service Center, Yancheng Jiangsu 224600, China; 2 Xiangshui Soil and Fertilizer Management Station, Yancheng Jiangsu 224600, China; 3 Xiaojian Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Yancheng Jiangsu 224611, China)
Abstract: In order to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer and increase the efficiency of rice, we carried out two years of experimental research on the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in rice soil testing and formula fertilization technology. The results showed that: the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer increased by 4.83%~5.92%, 1.25%~3.54% and 7.41%~13.93% respectively. The results can provide decision basis for spreading soil testing and formula fertilization technology and realizing fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase.
Key words: Rice; N-P-K; Fertilizer utilization rate
水稻是江蘇省响水县主要粮食作物,常年种植面积3.1万hm2左右。为进一步推广测土配方施肥,完善测土配方施肥参数,笔者在响水县进行了两年的水稻氮磷钾肥利用率试验,旨在摸清本地区水稻配方肥利用率,为实现化肥减量增效提供决策依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验地点
2020年响水县小尖镇毕圩村朱洪明承包田;2021年响水县小尖镇郭庄村张春林承包田。
1.2 供试材料
供试土壤:盐土类,潮盐土亚类,壤性潮盐土土属,壤质脱盐土土种,试验前采集0~20 cm耕层土样测定土壤养分含量,详见表1。
供试水稻:2020年苏秀867;2021年南粳9308。
供试肥料:尿素为山东瑞星产,含氮(N)以46%计,磷肥为兴化美乐产,含磷(P2O5)为12%,钾肥为加拿大产氯化钾,含钾(K2O)为60%。
1.3 试验设计
选择代表当地土壤肥力水平的田块,分成常规施肥和测土配方施肥大区,相应设计常规施肥、常规无氮、常规无磷、常规无钾、配方施肥、配方无氮、配方无磷、配方无钾,共设8个处理(表2)。肥料运筹方法为:氮肥30%作基肥,30%作分蘖肥,24%作促花肥,16%作保花肥,磷钾肥均作为基肥一次施用。
1.4 栽培管理
试验点前茬作物小麦收获后,及时旋耕耙平,按设计做小区,小区面积为26.67 m2(5.5 m×4.85 m),小区间筑埂并以塑料薄膜包裹防止串水串肥,小区单灌单排。……
