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应激事件后青少年体育锻炼对亲社会行为的影响:跨期中介及群体差异

2023-07-13刘萍陈锦娄虎

山东体育科技 2023年3期
关键词:青少年

刘萍 陈锦 娄虎

摘 要:目的:探討应激事件后青少年体育锻炼、共情、创伤后成长对亲社会行为的综合影响,考察性别和学段的群体差异,并构建一个链式中介模型。方法:采用纵向追踪设计,以河南特大暴雨受灾区的郑州市1 023名中学生为对象,分别在灾情1个月、2个月后进行追踪调查。结果:对于应激事件后青少年来说,体育锻炼可以正向预测亲社会行为(β = 0.23, P<0.01);体育锻炼可以正向预测共情(β = 0.13, P<0.01)和创伤后成长(β = 0.23, P<0.01),共情可以正向预测创伤后成长(β = 0.26, P<0.01)和亲社会行为(β = 0.42, P<0.01),创伤后成长可以正向预测亲社会行为(β = 0.261, P<0.01);共情和创伤后成长在体育锻炼和亲社会行为之间起显著的中介作用(95% CI: 0.004, 0.012);中介效应的群体差异仅出现在体育锻炼与亲社会行为的“特质性”分维度关系中。结论:应激事件后青少年体育锻炼既能直接影响亲社会行为,还会通过引发共情、创伤后成长而间接影响亲社会行为;相对来说,应激事件后青少年体育锻炼中,女生比男生更需要关注共情的培养,高中比初中更需要关注共情—创伤后成长的综合作用。

关键词:体育锻炼;亲社会行为;共情;创伤后成长;青少年

中图分类号:G804.83文献标识码:A文章编号:1009-9840(2023)03-0052-08

Impact of Physical Exercise on Prosocial Behavior of Adolescents after Disaster: A Serial Mediation Model and Group Differences

LIU Ping, CHEN Jin, LOU Hu

(College of Sports Science, Nantong University, Jiangsu 226019, China)

Abstract:Objective: To explore the comprehensive effects of physical exercise, empathy and post-traumatic growth on prosocial behavior, investigate the group differences of gender and school stage, and construct a serial mediation model. Methods: A longitudinal follow-up design was used to investigate 1023 middle school students in Zhengzhou, which were affected by the severe Henan rainstorm. Results: For post disaster adolescents, physical exercise positively predicted prosocial behavior (β= 0.23,P< 0.01). Physical exercise positively predicted empathy (β= 0.13,P<0.01) and post-traumatic growth (β=0.23,P<0.01), empathy positively predicted post-traumatic growth (β=0.26,P<0.01) and prosocial behavior (=0.42, P<0.01), and post-traumatic growth positively predicted prosocial behavior (β=0.261,P<0.01). Empathy and posttraumatic growth played a significant intermediary role between physical exercise and prosocial behavior (95% CI: 0.004, 0.012). The group differences of mediating effect only appears in the "trait" sub dimensional relationship between physical exercise and prosocial behavior. Conclusion: Physical exercise can not only directly affect prosocial behavior, but also indirectly affect prosocial behavior by inducing empathy and post-traumatic growth; Relatively speaking, girls need to pay more attention to the cultivation of empathy than boys, and high school needs to pay more attention to the comprehensive role of empathy post-traumatic growth than junior high school.

Key words:physical exercise; prosocial behavior; empathy; post-traumatic growth; adolescents

2021年夏天,河南省发生特大暴雨灾害,据统计(截至8月2日12时)直接经济损失超过1千亿元,其中灾难较重的郑州市遇难292人、失踪47人[1],这不仅造成巨额的财产损失,也成为应激事件,给郑州民众带来严重的心理痛苦。而如何帮助民众尽快平复心情,则是灾后需要关注的现实问题。……

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