金玉柱 杨萧 陈保学 毛莉虹

摘 要： 武術实践与理论表明，武术技术所追求的动作意象恰恰以身体“意向”为其真正所指。然综观其研究谱系，武术“意象”论域迄今尚未走出一大误区，即对“意象”与“意向”关系的模糊与不清。明晰两者之间的内在关联，有助于我们更准确地理解、把握武术“意象”的文化内涵和美学意义。运用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法，以身体现象学中的身体“意向”为理论视角，以武术技术实践的训练理念与典籍术语为解读内容，对武术“意象”的“意向”之维及其意义作一阐述。研究指出，中国武术所追求的“意象”正是以身体“意向”为其内在能动性。这一观点的提出，不仅弥补了武术“意象”既非客观事物的表象又非主观意志表现的理论不足，更使得一种强调生命能、生命动力的“主客一体”的武术“意象”得以真正确立。武术“意象”由能动性、自反性、超越性的身体“意向”，使武术“意象”彻底走向了一种“身心一如”的功夫境界。这种“我能”的身体“意向”以其“可见的”与“不可见的”的真正统一，使“生生不息”且极具动态的天人之“意象”与道体之“意象”得以不断生成，有力彰显了武术“即身而道在”的超越性特征。

关键词： 中国武术；身体意象；身体意向；审美特征；内在超越

中图分类号：G852   文献标识码：A  文章编号：1006-2076（2023）02-0037-07

Dimension of “Intention” of Wushu “Image” and its Significance： Based on the Phenomenology of the Body

JIN Yuzhu1，YANGXiao1，CHEN Baoxue1，MAO LiHhong2

1.Zhongnanshan Wushu Research Center， Xidian University， Xian 710071， Shanxi，China；2.The Prensidents Office， Shandong Sport University， Jinan 250102，Shandong，China

Abstract： The practice and theory of Wushu show that the action image pursued by Wushu technology takes the “intention” of the body as its real meaning. However， throughout its research pedigree， the theory of “image” in Wushu has not gone out of a big mistake so far， that is， the relationship between “image” and “intention” is ignored. It is helpful to better understand the cultural connotation and aesthetic significance of “image” of Wushu. This article mainly uses the methods of literature and logic analysis， takes the body “intention” in body phenomenology as the theoretical perspective， and takes Wushu technical practice， training concept and terms of ancient books as the interpretation content. It is pointed out that the“image” pursued by Chinese Wushu takes the “intention”of the body as its internal initiative. This point of view not only eliminates the theoretical deficiency that Wushu “image” is neither the appearance of objective things nor the expression of subjective will， but also makes a Wushu “image” that emphasizes the “integration of subject and object” of life energy and life motive force truly established. The “image” of Wushu has changed from active， reflexive and transcendent physical “intention”， which makes Wushu “image” completely move to a kind of kungfu realm where “body and mind are the same”. This kind of body “intention” of “I can”， with the real unity of “visible” and “invisible”， makes the “endless” and extremely dynamic “image” of heaven and man， and “image” of Tao body can be constantly generated， which really shows the transcendental characteristics of Wushu “spirit cultivation integrated with body growth”.

Key words： Chinese Wushu; body image; body intention; aesthetic characteristics; inner transcendence; Chinese wisdom

“象”思维是中华优秀传统文化中的一大典型特征，相较于文学艺术的借“言”筑“象”，中国武术则是以“身”筑“象”。进入“意象”的“象”思维之中，就如同在“物我两忘”的体验和感悟中进入了一种人与宇宙一体相通之境。……