徐家熹 李海 吴殷 董琛 张志勇

摘 要： 该研究编制了适用于我国体育彩票市场的数字、乐透型彩票购彩行为评价量表（Scale of Gambling Behavior of Numbers and Lotto Lottery，以下简称SGB），包括迷信行为、控制失调、追逐行为、中介行为和号码关联5个维度，共15个条目。采用效标效度、购彩者分类得分评价、对应分析、回归分析等方法对量表在甄别问题购彩者以及与购彩认知的关联度进行系统评价。统计结果显示，5维度的量表因子结构稳定，各模型适配指标较为理想，模型与数据拟合程度较好，量表整体Cronbach's  α 系数为0.862，5个维度Cronbach's  α 系数区间为0.727～0.894，所有相关系数都具有统计学意义。分析结果认为，SGB有能力验证购彩者的消费问题，各维度得分升高时，有明显向问题购彩者发展的趋势，且能有效区分不同类型；行为向问题演化时，认知情况逐渐恶化，趋势较为明显；控制失调维度是判断购彩者是否开始出现问题的首要判断依据，受到控制错觉和无力戒赌两个认知维度的显著影响，同时在与迷信和代买两种行为的互动中使购彩者陷入消费的恶性循环；量表具有良好的信效度和稳定的结构，各评价指标符合心理学和统计学标准，各维度在判断购彩者行为变化中表现出良好的适应性和可操作性，可用于对我国体育彩票购彩者购彩行為的测量评价。

关键词： 评价量表；购彩行为；体育彩票

中图分类号：G80-052   文献标识码：A  文章编号：1006-2076（2023）02-0044-11

Compiling and Evaluating the Scale of Gambling Behavior of Numbers and Lotto Lottery： An Experimental Analysis Based on China Sports Lottery Consumers

XU Jiaxi 1，LI Hai 2，WU Yin 2，DONG Chen 1，ZHANG Zhiyong1

1. School of Sports Management， Shandong Sport University， Jinan 250102， Shandong， China; 2. School of Economics and Management， Shanghai University of Sport， Shanghai 200438， China

Abstract： The study developed the Scale of Gambling Behavior of Numbers and Lotto Lottery for China sports lottery market， which is of 5 dimensions （Superstition， Control disorders， Chasing behavior， Agency purchase， Number associating） on 15 items， and accessing criterion validity， gamblers scores on clusters， correspondence analysis and regression analysis were adopted in screening problem gamblers and examining correlation degree between behavior and cognition with SGB. Results showed that Cronbachs alpha coefficients for five factors ranged from 0.727～0.894， 0.862 for the overall scale and the model showed good fitness with data. In conclusion， SGB is capable of distinguishing  problems of consuming in gambling and different clusters efficiently， and gamblers will develop to  problem gambling when scores rising; In the process of being problem gambler， with evident trend， the condition of cognition has been running down; Control disorders would be the premier division of determining whether behavior of gamblers changing to problem， with appreciable impacts from illusion of control and inability to stop gambling， while be caught in vicious circle of consuming by interaction with superstition and agency purchase; In the end， SGB has good psychometric properties and initially is useful for assessing behavior characteristics of Chinese gamblers.

Key words： scale; gambling behavior; sports lottery; social responsibility

病态博彩（Pathological Gambling），又称博彩紊乱（Gambling Disorder） ［1］，不仅在个体心理和精神层面呈现较为明显的表征，在行为方面同样有着较为突出的表现，是一种持续性或反复出现的问题博彩行为模式，会进一步产生临床性精神障碍和心理压抑 ［2］。……