不同运动模式缓解衰老性骨骼肌萎缩的研究进展
2023-06-21龚丽景潘秀清付鹏宇
龚丽景 潘秀清 付鹏宇

摘 要: 随着老龄化社会的到来,衰老性肌萎缩严重威胁着人类健康,运动作为积极有效的防治方式,其作用机制近年来成为研究热点。从衰老性肌萎缩发生的本质和对不同类型肌纤维的作用差异入手,探讨有氧运动、抗阻训练、高强度间歇运动和自主转轮等不同方式运动改善肌萎缩的可能分子机制。其中,mTOR、TGF-β/Smad信号通路和内质网应激途径等参与骨骼肌蛋白质的合成抑制过程,泛素-蛋白酶体系统、自噬-溶酶体系统、细胞凋亡、细胞焦亡/炎症、氧化应激/铁死亡等途径参与骨骼肌蛋白质分解的促进过程。运动可通过上述信号通路调节蛋白质的合成分解代谢,从而缓解衰老性肌萎缩的进程,为运动缓解衰老性肌萎缩提供更多的理论依据。
关键词: 衰老性肌萎缩;肌纤维类型;骨骼肌蛋白质代谢;运动模式
中图分类号:G804.2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-2076(2023)02-0084-08
Research Progress of Different Modes of Exercise Alleviating Age-related Skeletal Muscle Atrophy/Sarcopenia
GONG Lijing 1,2,PAN Xiuqing 3,FU Pengyu 4*
1. China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; 3. College of Health Sciences, Xian P.E. University, Xian 710068, Shaanxi, China; 4. Dept. of P.E., Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian 710072, Shaanxi, China
Abstract: With the coming of aging society, aging muscular atrophy is a serious threat to human health. As an active and effective prevention and treatment method, exercise has become a research hotspot in recent years. From the essence of aging muscular atrophy and the difference of its effects on different types of muscle fibers, we discuss the possible molecular mechanisms of different types of exercise to attenuate muscular atrophy, such as aerobic exercise, resistance training, high-intensity intermittent exercise, and autonomous wheel exercise. The mTOR, TGF-β/Smad and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways participate in the inhibition of skeletal muscle protein synthesis in sarcopenia, and ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy-lysosome system, cell apoptosis, pyroptosis /inflammation, oxidative stress/erroptosis and other pathways are involved in the promotion of protein decomposition. Exercise could regulate the process of protein synthesis and decomposition through the above signaling pathways, so as to alleviate the process of sarcopenia.
Key words: age-related muscle atrophy/sarcopenia; muscle fiber types; skeletal muscle protein metabolism; exercise
當今社会人口老龄化问题加剧。据预计,2050年,全球老年人的数目将在历史上首次超过年轻人数目 [1]。到2035年,我国60岁及以上老年人口将突破4亿,占总人口的比例将超过30 ,进入重度老龄化阶段。如何提高老年人的生活质量,提高其健康水平正受到公众的高度关注。作为人体最大的器官,骨骼肌在维持身体姿势、运动、呼吸、能量储存和代谢、体温维持和调节及内分泌等方面都发挥着极其重要的作用 [2]。衰老所诱发的骨骼肌萎缩加剧慢病进程、增加健康风险。多年来,如何有效减少衰老带来的不良反应一直是研究的热点,其中,运动作为促进老年人健康的有效手段,被证明为非药物干预方式预防或减缓衰老性肌萎缩的发病进程的方法之一 [3]。……
