崔光芬　杜文文　金鹏程　段青　王祥宁　贾文杰　马璐琳　王继华

摘要： 秋水仙碱是一种功能较多的植物源生物碱，在医药行业发挥着重要作用。系统地了解秋水仙碱提取、分离的技术类型有助于推动高纯度秋水仙碱的生产。本文介绍了秋水仙碱不同提取技术的特点、原理和应用效果，阐述了秋水仙碱在不同种类植物、植物不同部位中的含量以及影响含量的因素，总结了传统的浸提法、回流法与超声波提取、超临界CO₂提取、微波提取、酶促提取等新提取方法，以及膜分离法、色谱分离法等秋水仙碱分离纯化方法的研究进展，分析了不同提取分离技术的效果和影响因素，探讨了秋水仙碱提取技术的发展方向，以期为秋水仙碱的提取分离技术的研究和应用提供参考。

关键词： 秋水仙碱；嘉兰属；提取方法；分离纯化

中图分类号： R284 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1000-4440（2023）01-0295-10

Advances in extraction and separation of colchicine

CUI Guang-fen^1，2 ， DU Wen-wen¹， JIN Peng-cheng²， DUAN Qing¹， WANG Xiang-ning¹， JIA Wen-jie¹，MA Lu-lin¹， WANG Ji-hua¹

（1.Flower Research Institute， Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Kunming 650205，China;2.Agro-Products Processing Research Institute， Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Kunming 650221，China）

Abstract： Colchicine is a plant-derived alkaloid with many functions， which plays an important role in the pharmaceutical industries. Systematic understanding of the technology types for extraction and separation of colchicine is helpful for promoting the production of high-purity colchicine. In this article，the characteristics， principles and application effects of different extraction techniques of colchicine were introduced， and the research progresses on colchicine content in different plants and different parts of plants as well as the affecting factors were described. Traditional extraction methods such as maceration extraction and reflux extraction were summarized. New extraction methods such as ultrasonic extraction， supercritical CO₂extraction， microwave extraction and enzymatic extraction were also summarized. Besides， research progress on separation and purification methods of colchicine such as membrane seperation and chromatographic separation were generalized. The effects and influencing factors of different extraction and separation technologies were analyzed， and the development direction of colchicine extraction technology was discussed to provide reference for the research and application of colchicine extraction and separation technology.

Key words： colchicine；Gloriosa；extraction methods；separation and purification

秋水仙堿是一种三环脂溶性生物碱，于1820年由法国化学家从秋水仙属（Colchicum）植物^[1]中分离获得，其化学结构见图1。秋水仙碱作为治疗痛风的药物应用历史悠久，近年来，其药用价值被不断挖掘并被广泛用于治疗家族性地中海热^[2]、皮肤病^[3]、心脏病^[4]等疾病，甚至用于治疗新冠肺炎引起的急性呼吸窘迫综合征^[5]。秋水仙碱在细胞中可与微管蛋白β亚基上第1～46位和第214～241位2段氨基酸残基发生交联，抑制微管聚合进而影响细胞信号转导、细胞分裂、迁移和细胞运输等多种细胞过程^[6-8]。除药用价值外，秋水仙碱还可用……