徐鹏　贺一哲　尤翠翠　黄亚茹　何海兵　柯健　武立权

摘要： 高温胁迫导致的颖花败育已成为水稻减产的主要原因之一。因此，开展高温胁迫导致水稻颖花败育的机理及其防御措施的研究意义重大。本文从高温影响水稻的颖花形成、花粉发育、雌雄蕊结构、开花受精及颖花生理代谢等方面综述了高温胁迫对水稻颖花育性的伤害机理，提出相应的防御措施，包括加强水肥管理、合理喷施外源生长调节剂和选育耐高温品种等，并对未来水稻高温热害的研究方向进行了展望，为开展水稻抗热栽培及合理高温防御措施的选择提供理论依据。

关键词： 水稻；高温胁迫；颖花败育；防御措施

中图分类号： S511.01 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1000-4440（2023）01-0255-11

Research progress on the mechanism and defense measures of rice spikelet abortion caused by high temperature stress

XU Peng¹， HE Yi-zhe¹， YOU Cui-cui¹， HUANG Ya-ru¹， HE Hai-bing¹， KE Jian¹， WU Li-quan^1，2

（1.College of Agronomy， Anhui Agricultural University， Hefei 230036， China;2.Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production， Nanjing 210095， China）

Abstract：Spikelet abortion caused by high temperature stress has become one of the main reasons for the reduction of rice yield. Therefore， it is of great significance to carry out research on the mechanism and defense measures of rice spikelet abortion caused by high temperature stress. In this paper， the damage mechanism of high temperature stress on rice spikelet fertility was reviewed from the aspects of high temperature affecting rice spikelet formation， pollen development， gynoecium structure， flowering fertilization and spikelet physiological metabolism， and corresponding defense measures were put forward， including strengthening water and fertilizer management， reasonable spraying of exogenous growth regulators and breeding of high temperature resistant varieties， and the future research direction of high temperature heat damage in rice was prospected， which provided a theoretical basis for the development of rice heat-resistant cultivation and the selection of reasonable high-temperature defense measures.

Key words： rice;high temperature stress;spikelet abortion;defense measures

随着工业化的发展，地表温度逐渐升高，高温天气出现的概率与频率已显著增加^[1]。据联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）第5次报告，到2035年全球平均地表温度将升高0.3～0.7 ℃^[2]。高温已成为限制作物安全生产的主要因素之一。水稻（Oryza sativa）是重要的粮食作物，在保障粮食安全领域发挥着关键作用^[3]。自上世纪70年代起，长江中下游地区的水稻种植模式开始逐渐从双季稻转为单季稻，由于生殖生长期是水稻对高温最敏感的时期，而夏季正是单季中稻生殖生长的关键时期，夏季持续高温已对单季中稻产量造成了严重影响^[4-5]。例如高温就曾导致湖北和江苏两省单季中稻出现大面积减产甚至绝收^[6-7]。水稻生殖生长期高温主要通过影响颖花育性进而导致水稻减产^[8]。……