芽孢杆菌嗜铁素研究进展
2023-06-08刘邮洲沈佳慧乔俊卿左杨刘永锋
刘邮洲 沈佳慧 乔俊卿 左杨 刘永锋



摘要: 嗜铁素(Siderophore)是微生物为适应自然界高氧低铁环境,产生的一类能特异性螯合三价铁离子的小分子化合物。绝大多数细菌和真菌都能通过非核糖体肽合成酶途径(NRPS)或非依赖NRPS途径(NIS)合成一种或几种嗜铁素。芽孢杆菌是目前研究与生产上应用最多的一类生防细菌,但芽孢杆菌嗜铁素的生防贡献国内外鲜有报道。本文对芽孢杆菌嗜铁素的种类、合成与调控机制、功能与应用(包括竞争作用、抗生作用、毒力作用、环境污染修复作用以及在医药研发上的应用等)进行了系统概述,为解析自然界中芽孢杆菌具有广谱抗菌活性的生防机制提供理论依据,同时对研发嗜铁素和药物偶联的新型靶向农药具有重要指导意义。
关键词: 芽孢杆菌;嗜铁素;嗜铁素药物耦合物
中图分类号: S482.3+9 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-4440(2023)01-0266-11
Research progress of siderophore produced by Bacillus spp.
LIU You-zhou, SHEN Jia-hui, QIAO Jun-qing, ZUO Yang, LIU Yong-feng
(Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China)
Abstract: Iron is an essential element for the growth of almost all living microorganisms because it acts as a cofactor in enzymatic processes, oxygen metabolism, electron transfer, and RNA syntheses. Although iron is abundant in the earths crust, it exists primarily as insoluble hydroxides in aerobic aqueous solution, making its acquisition difficult for microorganisms. To overcome this challenge, many microorganisms secrete low molecular weight iron chelators called siderophores. Most bacteria and fungi can synthesize one or more siderophores through nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) pathway or NRPS-independent siderophore (NIS) pathway. Bacillus spp. is considered the most successful biological control agent. However, there are few reports on the research of siderophore produced by Bacillus spp. In this paper, the types, biosynthesis and regulation mechanisms, functions and applications of siderophore produced by Bacillus spp. were systematically summarized, including competition, antibiosis, virulence, environmental pollution remediation and pharmaceutical research and development. Our results will reveal the new biological control mechanism of Bacillus spp. based on siderophore, which will help to expand the biocontrol application of siderophore and develop new target biological pesticides.
Key words:Bacillus spp.;siderophore;siderophore-drug conjugate
铁是所有生命有机体维持生长发育的必需元素,铁元素是细胞氧化还原反应过程中各种酶的重要辅助因子,在细胞氧代谢、电子转移和RNA合成等諸多方面发挥重要作用[1-2]。自然界中铁元素含量极为丰富,占地壳金属元素含量的5%。但由于铁元素特殊的活泼性,在自然条件下Fe2+极易被氧化成Fe3+,形成稳定的、不可溶的氧化铁,不能被生物体利用[3]。据报道,在自然环境中可供微生物利用的自由铁浓度仅有1×10-18mol/L,远低于大部分微生物正常生活所需的1×10-6mol/L [4]。为了满足自身铁元素需求,生物体在不断进化过程中形成高效的……
