辽宁省宽甸县牛毛坞镇矿山地质环境保护与治理
2023-06-07刘志强雷万杉武甜甜
刘志强 雷万杉 武甜甜


摘 要:【目的】通过分析辽宁省宽甸县牛毛坞镇联办硼矿矿产资源开发后的地质环境问题,为矿山生态环境治理修复提供意见。【方法】以牛毛乌镇矿区为研究对象,剖析矿区的气候与土壤、地形地貌、水文地质条件后采用截流沟工程、生物技术和化学技术与生物工程进行矿山地质环境的防治。【结果】目前矿山的地质环境问题,已得到相应改善。【结论】当前社会由于过度开矿而引发的地质灾害,严重阻碍了部分地区生态环境和谐发展。因此,要充分关注矿山的地质和生态环境问题,及时制定相应的防治措施和修复计划。
关键词:矿山环境;地质灾害;监测措施;防治措施
中图分类号:TD167;X171.4 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1003-5168(2023)09-0096-05
Abstract: [Purposes] This paper analyzes the geological environment problems of boron mine mineral resources development in Niumaowu town, Kuandian County, Liaoning province, and provides suggestions for the remediation of mine ecological environment. [Methods] Taking Niumao Wuzhen mining area as the research object, this paper analyzes the climate, soil, landform and hydrogeological conditions of the mining area, and then adopts interception ditch engineering, biotechnology, chemical technology and biological engineering to prevent and control the geological environment of the mine. [Findings] At present, the geological environment of mine has been improved correspondingly. In a word, geological disasters caused by excessive mining have seriously hindered the harmonious development of ecological environment in some areas. [Conclusions] Therefore, we should pay full attention to the geological and ecological environmental problems of mines, and work out the corresponding prevention and control measures and restoration plans in time.
Keywords: mine environment; geological disaster; monitoring measures ; prevention and control measures
1 礦山地质环境
1.1 气候与土壤
辽宁省宽甸县牛毛坞镇矿山属温带季风气候。冬冷夏暖,3—5月温高接近32 ℃,阴雨湿闷,全年平均降水含量约为1 150 mm。附近较大的河流是北股河,由西向东流过牛毛坞镇,由西南穿越研究区流向东北,属鸭绿江水系支流,水系流量较大。相对侵蚀基准面标高为300 m。北股河地区年降水量为1 115.5 mm,年平均降水量为978.596 mm,夏季降水量为844.1 mm,夏季降水量最为丰富,变质岩区渗入系数为0.31,流域面积为1 226 km2,降水渗入量为36 700 kt/a。北股河为常年流水,但季节性较强,每年大体有两次汛期,3—5月为春汛,7—9月为夏汛。区内河流严格受到地质构造和地势的控制,具有流程短、坡降大的特点。
矿山土壤主要分为两类,即暗棕壤土类和棕壤土类。暗棕壤土类主要分布于矿区周围的低丘坡地,丘陵漫岗的中下部,土壤有机质含量高,肥力较大,养分含量高。……
