小功率内燃机车用永磁同步电机调速系统的建模与仿真
2023-04-21孟凡顺





摘 要:由于结构简单、体积小、质量轻、损耗小、效率高等特点,近年来永磁同步电动机(PMSM)已成为轨道交通领域研究的焦点。本文介绍了PMSM在控制系统中的优势,利用Matlab|simulink仿真软件,采用坐标变换、SVPWM算法,建立PMSM及其矢量控制系统的仿真模型。通过观测定子三相电流、电机转速、转矩以及d、q轴电流的变化,对系统中的参数进行调整。结果表明,该调速系统调速特性好、响应速度快,验证了采用=0的SVPWM矢量控制对PMSM的可行性与合理性。
关键词:SVPWM矢量控制 永磁同步电机 MATLAB仿真
Modeling and Simulation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Speed Regulation System for Low-power Diesel Locomotives
Meng Fanshun
Abstract:Due to the characteristics of simple structure, small size, light weight, small loss and high efficiency, permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has become the focus of research in the field of rail transit in recent years. This paper introduces the advantages of PMSM in the control system, and uses Matlab|simulink simulation software to establish a simulation model of PMSM and its vector control system by using coordinate transformation and SVPWM algorithm. By observing the changes of stator three-phase current, motor speed, torque and D and Q axis current, the parameters in the system are adjusted. The results show that the speed regulation system has good speed regulation characteristics and fast response speed, which verifies the feasibility and rationality of SVPWM vector control using =0 for PMSM.
Key words:SVPWM vector control, permanent magnet synchronous motor, MATLAB simulation
1 引言
PMSM作為内燃机车的关键动力执行机构,与异步电动机相比具有体积小、功率因数高、过载能力强等特点,已逐渐被业界公认为未来轨道交通牵引传动的一个发展趋势。随着PMSM的发展以及永磁材料的不断发掘和改善,PMSM在电动汽车领域的应用已逐渐成熟,但在轨道交通领域还处于起步阶段,因此具有一定研究意义[1]。
结合内燃机车的工况,本文对PMSM调速系统进行建模与仿真,搭建矢量控制系统模型,通过调整相关参数,得到了平稳的电流、电机转速、转矩等数据,验证了矢量控制对内燃机车永磁同步牵引系统的可行性与合理性[2],为PMSM在内燃机车上的应用积累经验。
2 永磁同步电机的数学模型
为了简化分析,对PMSM进行理想化假设:
(1)PMSM为理想电机;
(2)忽略铁芯饱和的影响;
(3)不考虑磁滞损耗和涡流损耗;
(4)输入电机的工作电流是对称的三相正弦电流。
在同步旋转坐标系下电动机定子绕组电压方程为:
(1)
式中:、为定子电压在d-q轴的分量;……
