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红梨新品种‘红贵妃’主要栽培性状

2022-06-21王尚堃,王冰洁,王坤宇,李旭辉

山西果树 2022年3期

王尚堃,王冰洁,王坤宇,李旭辉

摘要:红梨是市场前景发展广阔的优质梨果。对其植物学特征和生物学特征进行了调查,结果表明:在植物学特征(包括树体、枝条、芽、叶和花)方面,‘红贵妃’树体生长势强,生长量大;枝条柔软,延展性好,易开张,不需拉枝,抗风、抗寒力强,不存在采前落果现象,叶片深绿,光合能力强,自花授粉,建园时不需要配置授粉树等优良特征。在生物学特性方面,‘红贵妃’梨果实营养价值较高,外观亮丽,维生素C含量9.53 mg/(100 g),果胶含量4.30 g/(100 g);树势旺盛,树冠圆满,萌芽力強,成枝力也强,易形成腋花芽,自花授粉坐果率高达95%,以短果枝结果为主,早果,优质丰产、稳产,有苹果风味,脆、甜,耐贮运,适合生产上大面积推广栽培。

关键词:红梨;红贵妃;性状

文章编号:2096-8108(2022)03-0088-03中图分类号:S661.2文献标识码:A

Cultivation Performance of New Red Pear Cultivar ‘Hongguifei’

WANG Shangkun1, WANG Bingjie2, WANG Kunyu3, LI Xuhui4

(1.Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Engineering of Zhoukou Vocational and Technical College, Zhoukou 466000, China;

2.Forestry Bureau of Taikang County, Taikang 461400,China;

3.Ecological Forestry Protection Center of Zhoukou City, Zhoukou 466000,China;

4.Shangshui Hechang Agricultural Development Limited Company, Shangshui 466100,China)

Abstract:Red pear is a high-quality pear with broad market prospects. The botanical characteristics and biological characteristics were investigated. The results showed that in terms of botanical characteristics (including tree body, branches, buds, leaves and flowers), the ‘Hongguifei’ tree had strong growth potential, soft branches, good ductility, easy to open, no need to pull branches, cold resistance, no pre-harvest fruit drop phenomenon, dark green leaves, strong photosynthetic capacity, self-pollination, and no need to configure pollinating trees. In terms of biological characteristics, ‘Hongguifei’ pear fruit had high nutritional value, beautiful appearance, vitamin C content 9.53 mg (100 g)-1, pectin content 4.30 g(100 g)-1; tree vigor, crown full, strong germination, strong branching, easy to form flower bud, self-pollination fruit with the 95% high setting rate.

Keywords:red pear; Hongguifei; characteristic

红梨(Pyrus L. Hong)是果皮为红色的一系列优良品种品系的总称[1],其营养价值较高,是一种补充营养元素K、Fe、Ca、Zn、Cu、Mg、Mn较为理想的水果[2]。红梨品种具有国内梨的酥、脆、耐贮运等优点,兼备西洋梨的鲜红色彩,形如苹果,美观漂亮。与其他梨树品种相比,红梨结果早,丰产性好,自花结实力高。幼树可实现2年结果、3年丰产的要求。其适应性强,耐贮运,高抗黑星病,具有较高的栽培推广价值。目前,云南省、甘肃省和河南省等已将红梨作为重点发展对象之一[3]。‘红贵妃’梨是商水和畅农业发展有限公司有关技术人员从‘红香酥’梨芽变中选育出的优良品种,具有抗寒、抗风力强、抗病虫,无采前落果,果实酥脆、甜酸,有苹果香味,优质、丰产、稳产;无需套袋,果实自然着色,生长势强,生长量大,树冠形成后树势中庸,枝条自然下垂等特点[4]。……

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