宋永宏，杨复康，李静江，杨燕君，杨晓华，吕景丽

摘要：全世界杏属共有10个种，中国有9个种，17个变种和类型。普通杏是世界上栽培最广泛的一个种[2]，在中国也是分布最为广泛的一个种，原产于中国的黄河流域，山西省也是杏的原产地之一，目前全省种植面积已达5.06万余hm2。山西农业大学果树研究所杏种质资源圃采用田间植株保存，先后收集保存了近70多份省内外优异的鲜食杏资源。由于杏资源具有种类多、数量大、多样性等特点，依据《杏种质资源描述规范和数据标准》，从基本信息、形态特征和生物学特性、品质特性、抗逆性、抗病性及其他特征特性等6大项119小项对杏资源进行了全面的评价描述。通过对杏种质资源进行鉴定、评价，不仅对于规范苗木市场与认定品种具有重要意义，而且能使当地杏农对各个杏品种得到充分认识，以便合理选择和种植优异品种资源。同时，对山西鲜食杏种质资源的收集、保存、利用中存在的问题进行了分析，并在种质资源收集、保存及资源圃维护等方面提出合理化建议，对推动山西杏产业的发展起到一定的积极作用。

关键词：杏;种质资源;鉴定评价

文章编号：2096-8108（2022）03-0072-04中图分类号：S662.2文献标识码：A

Present Situation and Research Progress of Fresh - food Apricot Germplasm Resources in Shanxi

SONG Yonghong， YANG Fukang*， LI Jingjiang， YANG Yanjun， YANG Xiaohua， LV Jingli

（Pomology Institute， Shanxi Agricultural University， Taiyuan 030031，China）

Abstract：There are 10 species of apricot in the world， 9 species， 17 cultivars in China. Apricot is one of the most widely cultivated species in the world . It is also the most widely distributed species in China. It is native to the Yellow River Valley in China， and Shanxi Province is also one of the origins of apricot. At present， the planting area of apricot in Shanxi Province has reached 50 600 hm2. The Apricot Germplasm Repository of Pomology Institute， Shanxi Agricultural University has collected and preserved nearly 70 excellent fresh apricot resources inside and outside the province. Since apricot resources have the characteristics of large cultivar， large quantity and diversity， according to the Description Specification and Data Standard of Apricot Germplasm Resources， the apricot resources were comprehensively evaluated and described from 6 major items and 119 small items， including main information， morphological characteristics and biological characteristics， quality characteristics， stress resistance， disease resistance and other characteristics. Through the identification and evaluation of apricot germplasm resources， the local apricot growers fully mastered the apricot cultivars. The problems existing in the collection， preservation and utilization of fresh-food apricot germplasm resources in Shanxi were analyzed， and reasonable suggestions were put forward in the collection， preservation and maintenance of germplasm repository， which played a positive role in promoting the development of apricot industry in Shanxi.

Keywords：apricot; germplasm resources; identification and evaluation

杏為蔷薇科（Rosaceae）李亚科（Prunoideae）杏属（Armeniaca Mill.）植物，全世界杏属共有10个种，中国有普通杏、西伯利亚杏、辽杏、藏杏、紫杏、志丹杏、梅、政和杏与李梅杏这9个种[1]。普通杏、西伯利亚杏、辽杏和梅内有17个变种和类型。普通杏是世界上栽培最广泛的一个种[2]，在中国也是分布最为广泛的一个种。……