韩明明,孙鲁龙,王娇娇,何肖肖,郭雄雄,王丽,梁俊

摘要：【目的】探究無害化疏花剂对‘瑞雪的疏花效果及适宜的使用方法，为无害化疏花剂的应用提供参考。【方法】试验于2021年在渭南市白水县西北农林科技大学苹果试验站进行，试验材料为9 a生的‘瑞阳，M26矮化自根砧栽培。所选试验树树势相当，管理措施一致，自然授粉，行间生草，株行距为1.5 m×4 m。选用甲酸钙（CFA，10 g/L）和支链仲醇聚氧乙烯醚（TMN-6，0.5 mg/L）两种无公害药剂作为疏花剂，设置两种喷施时期组合（Ⅰ：中心花开75%、全树花开60% Ⅱ：中心花开75%、全树花开40%、全树花开60%），研究不同疏花剂的不同喷施时期对苹果新品种‘瑞雪的疏花效果。【结果】CFA和TMN-6在时期Ⅱ分别喷施1次花朵坐果率分别为40.96%、48.22%，花序坐果率分别为60.87%、68.22%，单双果率分别为48.79%、39.67%，显著优于其他处理和人工对照;疏花成本较人工疏花分别节约了63%、66%，节本增效效果显著。【结论】综上，对于‘瑞雪苹果而言，CFA和TMN-6于中心花开75%、全树花开40%、全树花开60%各喷施1次的疏花效果较好。

关键词：苹果;瑞雪;无害化疏花剂;化学疏花

文章编号：2096-8108（2022）03-0011-06中图分类号：S661.1文献标识码：A

Application of Two Harmless Flower-thinning Agents on ‘Ruixue Apple

HAN Mingming1， SUN Lulong1， WANG Jiaojiao1，

HE Xiaoxiao1， GUO Xiongxiong1， WANG Li1， LIANG Jun1，2*

（1.College of Horticulture， Northwest A & F University， Yangling 712100， China;

2.Apple Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shanxi Province， Yangling 712100， China）

Abstract：【Objective】To explore the flower thinning effect of harmless flower thinning agent on ‘Ruixue and the suitable use method， and provide reference for the application of harmless flower thinning agent.【Methods】The experiment was conducted in 2021 at the Apple Experiment Station of Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University， Baishui County， Weinan City. The test material was 9-year-old ‘Ruiyang， cultivated on M26 dwarf self-root rootstock. The selected test trees were comparable potential and their management practices were consistent. They were all naturally pollinated， with grass between rows and spacing of 1.5 m × 4 m. 10 g/L CFA and 0.5 mg/L TMN-6 were selected as two pollution-free agents for flower thinning. Two combinations of spraying periods were set （I： 75% central flowering and 60% whole-tree flowering; II： 75% central flowering， 40% whole-tree flowering and 60% whole-tree flowering）. Study on flower thinning effect of different flower thinning agents on new apple cultivar ‘Ruixue.【Results】The fruit setting rates of flowers sprayed once by CFA and TMN-6 were 40.96% and 48.22%， respectively. The fruit setting rates of inflorescence were 60.87% and 68.22%， respectively. The single and double fruit rates were 48.79% and 39.67%， respectively， which were significantly better than other treatments and artificial control. The cost of thinning flowers was reduced by 63% and 66% compared with artificial thinning flowers， respectively.【Conclusion】In conclusion， for ‘Ruixue apple， spraying CFA and TMN-6 once at the center of flowering 75%， whole tree flowering 40%， whole tree flowering 60% had better thinning effect.572BD1D9-CF2D-4DE5-9C2A-EEF9CB69BCE3

Keywords：apple;ruixue;harmless flower thinning agent;chemical thinning

苹果（Malus domestica Bork.）是世界上最重要的温带果树之一，适应性强，分布区域广。我国作为世界第一苹果生产大国，苹果种植面积高达246. 69万hm2[1]。在苹果栽培种植的整个生产环节中，疏花疏果可有效调节树体负载量，缓解果树大小年，提高优果率，是苹果花果管理过程中不可或缺的措施之一[2]。目前疏花疏果有人工疏除、化学疏除和机械疏除三种方法。其中人工疏除是最精确的办法，但费时费工，即使是矮化密植的果园，每亩（667 m2）用工至少8个，成本在1 000元左右，人工疏花已经不能满足当下我国苹果产业发展的需求。……