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西瓜新品种欣优美的选育

2021-12-25马辉张领何玉刘姗于文善王骥杨磊杨坤

中国瓜菜 2021年11期

马辉 张领 何玉 刘姗 于文善 王骥 杨磊 杨坤

摘    要: 欣優美是以自交系R719为母本、荃12701为父本选育而成的杂交一代西瓜新品种。该品种中早熟,合肥地区春季露地地膜覆盖栽培,全生育期 105 d左右,果实发育期32 d左右。植株生长势旺盛,抗病抗逆性强,生态适应性广,易栽培。主蔓第1雌花节位10节左右,雌花间隔6节左右。果实高圆形,果皮绿色底上覆盖墨绿色齿条。果皮厚度1.2 cm左右,皮韧耐贮运。瓤色深红,纤维中等,瓤质粗脆,风味正,口感好。中心可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)12.0%左右,边部7.5%左右。平均单瓜质量7.5 kg左右;一般667 m2产量4 800.0 kg左右。田间表现对合肥地区枯萎病生理小种达到中抗水平。适宜在安徽、浙江、河北、江苏、河南、湖南、湖北、陕西、四川、山西、广西、江西、贵州、甘肃、黑龙江等地区春季露地栽培。2018年通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。

关键词: 西瓜; 新品种; 欣优美; 杂交1代

中图分类号: S651 文献标志码: A 文章编号: 1673-2871(2021)11-111-04

Breeding of a new watermelon cultivar Xinyoumei

MA Hui, ZHANG Ling, HE Yu, LIU Shan, YU Wenshan, WANG Ji, YANG Lei, YANG Kun

(Anhui Win-all High-tech Melon and Vegetable Seed Co., Ltd, Hefei 230038, Anhui, China)

Abstract: Xinyoumei is a newly developed mid-early maturity watermelon, which is bred with R719 as the female line and Quan 12701 as the male line. The fruit development period is about 32 days, and the whole growing period is about 105 days. The plant vigor is very strong, and the rind of the fruit is light green and covered with dark green strips. The first female flower node of the main vine is about 10 nodes. The thickness of the rind is about 1.2 cm, which could benefit long distance transportation and long shelf life. The flesh is dark red in color, the flesh is fine and crisp, with center soluble solid content 12.0% and 7.5% near rind,the average weight of single fruit is 7.5 kg. And average yield is 4800.0 kg per 667.0 m2. It is suitable for open field cultivation in Anhui, Zhejiang, Hebei, Jiangsu, Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Shanxi, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Gansu and Heilongjiang in spring.

Key words: Watermelon; New variety; Xinyoumei; F1 hybrid

1 育种目标

西瓜起源于非洲,属葫芦科西瓜属一年生或多年生蔓生植物,在世界各热带、亚热带和温带地区均有种植[1-4];在世界水果生产和消费中,位居十大水果第5位[5]。因其具有汁多味甜、清凉爽口,生态适应性广、栽培周期短,市场需求量大、比较效益显著等特点,已成为我国重要的园艺作物之一[6]。中国是全球最大的西瓜生产与消费国,西瓜产业在推进农业结构调整、带动农民就业增收、实现乡村振兴等国家战略中发挥着重要作用[7-8]。安徽省是全国发展较早的西甜瓜育种与种子繁育基地,也是我国传统的西甜瓜生产大省,种植面积常年保持在15万hm2左右,居全国前5位[9-10]。……

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