王燕武 刘子凡 廖道龙 陈雨梅 蒋强 杨谨瑛

摘    要：為探讨施氮量对番茄果实鲜质量积累的影响，以千禧番茄为试验材料，设置施氮量为0（N0）、225（N1）、450（N2）、675 kg·hm-2（N3）4个处理，通过测定不同生长时期番茄果实的鲜质量，模拟出施氮量与番茄果实鲜质量的logistic方程。结果表明：（1）4个处理的果实鲜质量积累值拟合logistic方程的R 2均接近1，果实鲜质量积累值表现为“渐增-快增-缓增”的趋向，58.32%的果实鲜质量是在快增期积累;N2处理的渐增期、快增期和缓增期的果实鲜物质积累量与最大鲜物质积累量分别为133.24、364.00、126.93和630.50 g·株-1，均显著大于N0、N1和N3处理。（2）果实鲜质量累积速度的增长动态曲线为“倒抛物线”，其中N2处理在渐增期、快增期、缓增期、全生育期果实鲜质量积累平均速度及其积累最大速度分别为2.01、11.97、3.35、13.65和4.63 g·d-1·株-1，均显著大于N0、N1和N3处理。（3）果实鲜质量快速积累开始时间、快速积累结束时间、快速积累高峰期出现时间及其有效积累期呈现随施氮量的增加而增加的趋势。综上，为了获得高产，建议施氮量为450 kg·hm-2。

关键词：番茄;施氮量;鲜质量积累;logistic方程

中图分类号：S641.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）11-085-04

Effect of different nitrogen application rate on the fresh weight accumulation of tomato

WANG Yanwu1， LIU Zifan1， LIAO Daolong2， CHENG Yumei1， JIANG Qiang3， YANG Jinying3

（1. College of Tropical Crops， Hainan University， Haikou 570228， Hainan， China; 2. Institute of Vegetables， Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Haikou 571100， Hainan， China; 3. Baise Modern Agricultural Technology Research and Promotion Center， Baise 533612， Guangxi， China）

Abstract： In order to reveal the effect of different nitrogen application rates on the fresh weight of tomato fruit， tomato variety of Qianxi was used as the experimental material， four nitrogen application treatments with 0（N0）， 225（N1）， 450（N2） and 675 kg·hm-2（N3） were set up in the field experiments. The results showed that： the fresh weight accumulations of tomato fruit accord with logistic curve and show the change rule of slow-quick-slow. During the quick increasing period， 58.32% fresh weight are absorbed. The accumulation amount and the maximum accumulation amount of fresh weight of N2 treatment were significantly higher than that of the other three treatments. （2）The dynamic curve of fruit fresh weight accumulation rate is “inverse parabola”. Fruit fresh weight accumulation rate and the maximum rate in increasing gradually period， rapid increasing period， slow increasing period and the duration of growth are 2.01， 11.97，3.35， 13.65 and 4.63 g·d-1·plant-1， significantly higher than that of the other three treatments.（3） With the increase of N dosage， start time， end time， peak time and effective accumulation period of rapid accumulation were gradually increased. In conclusion， it is recommended to apply 450 kg of pure nitrogen per hectare for obtaining higher yield.

Key words： Tomato; Nitrogen application rate; Fresh weight accumulation; Logistic

樱桃番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.）是番茄中的特殊类型[1]，既是水果又是蔬菜。樱桃番茄因果型较小，色泽鲜亮，味清甜，口感好，维生素含量高，含有番茄红素、谷甘肽等抗癌物质，备受消费者的青睐[2]。氮素是作物生长发育和提高产量最重要的影响因素[3]，施氮对产量的贡献率在40%～50%[4]。番茄是果菜类蔬菜中最喜肥的作物之一，生产中菜农往往通过盲目地增大氮肥的施用量来获……