张妮 程云霞 张攀 王菁菁 雷佳伟 高杰

摘    要：以红椒王为试验材料，以常规施氮肥33.9 kg·667 m-2为对照，设置5个不同氮肥和氨基酸肥料处理（T1：减施氮肥10%+22 kg·667 m-2氨基酸肥料;T2：减施氮肥20%+24 kg·667 m-2氨基酸肥料;T3：减施氮肥30%+26 kg·667 m-2氨基酸肥料;T4：减施氮肥40%+28 kg·667 m-2氨基酸肥料;T5：减施氮肥50%+30 kg·667 m-2氨基酸肥料），研究氮肥减施与氨基酸肥料替代对辣椒生长发育、产量及品质的影响，从而找出适宜辣椒生产的氮肥和氨基酸肥料的配施比例，为当地辣椒高效栽培提供科学的施肥方案。结果表明，氮肥减量40%配施28 kg·667 m-2氨基酸肥料可以提高辣椒产量和改善辣椒品质，鲜椒和干椒667 m2产量分别比对照提高2.32%、1.94%，维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量、色价分别比对照提高54.74%、2.65%、21.05%，硝酸鹽含量比对照降低16.26%。通过主成分分析得出，各处理综合排名为T4>T5>T3>T2>CK>T1。综上所述，氮肥减量40%配施28 kg·667 m-2氨基酸肥料为当地较合理的肥料配施方案。

关键词：辣椒;氨基酸肥料;产量;品质

中图分类号：S641.3 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）11-089-05

Effect of using less nitrogen fertilizer combined with amino acid fertilizer on the growth， yield and quality of dried pepper

ZHANG Ni， CHENG Yunxia， ZHANG Pan， WANG Jingjing， LEI Jiawei， GAO Jie

（Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and High-efficient Production of Characteristic Horticultural Crops in Xinjiang/College of Forestry and Horticulture， Xinjiang Agricultural University， Urumqi 830052， Xinjiang， China）

Abstract： In this experiment， Hong jiao wang was used as the test material， and different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and amino acid fertilizer were applied. CK： conventional nitrogen fertilizer 33.9 kg; T1： reduced nitrogen fertilizer 10% + 22 kg·667 m-2 amino acid fertilizer; T2： reduced Nitrogen fertilizer application 20%+24 kg·667 m-2 amino acid fertilizer; T3： reduced nitrogen application 30%+26 kg·667 m-2 amino acid fertilizer; T4： reduced nitrogen application 40%+28 kg·667 m-2 amino acid fertilizer ; T5： Reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer by 50% + 30 kg·667 m-2 amino acid fertilizer. Study the effects of reduced application of nitrogen fertilizer and substitution of amino acid fertilizers on the growth， yield and quality of pepper， so as to find out the ratio of nitrogen fertilizer and amino acid fertilizer suitable for pepper production， and provide a scientific fertilization program for the efficient cultivation of local pepper.The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer reduction of 40% and application of 28 kg·667 m-2 amino acid fertilizer can increase the yield of pepper and improve the quality of pepper. The yield of fresh pepper per 667 m2 and dry pepper per 667 m2 increased by 2.32% and 1.94% compared with the control. Vitamin C， soluble sugar， color value was increased by 54.74%， 2.65%， and 21.05% compared with the control， and the nitrate content was decreased by 16.26% compared with the control. Principal component analysis shows that the comprehensive ranking is T4 > T5 > T3 > T2 > CK > T1. In summary， 40% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer combined with the application of 28 kg·667 m-2 amino acid fertilizer is a more reasonable fertilizer application plan.

Key words： Pepper; Amino acid fertilizer; Yield; Quality

辣椒（Capsicum annuum L.）又名番辣、秦椒、牛角椒等，是茄科辣椒属喜温性蔬菜作物。原产于中、南美洲和秘鲁以及墨西哥等热带地区，明末清初传入中国，至今在我国已经有300多年的栽培历史[1-3]。辣椒具有适应性强、生长周期短、种植成本低、产量和营养价值高等优点，成为大家所喜食的蔬菜之一[1，4]。新疆具有独特的自然气候条件，日照时间长、降雨量少、空气干燥、昼夜温差大，非常适合辣椒种植[5]。随着农业结构的调整，辣椒已经成为新疆主要的蔬菜作物，并且成为农民增收的重要经济作物，因此，如何提高辣椒的产量和品质具有十分重要的意义。……