阎世江 张继宁 刘洁

摘    要：为了研究秸秆覆盖对黄瓜的生长发育及品质的影响，采用了不覆盖、地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖3种处理方法调查株高、茎粗、株幅、叶面积、光合参数、产量及品质。结果表明，地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖有利于黄瓜生长发育，其株高、茎粗、株幅、叶面积值均较大，净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度上升，胞间CO2浓度下降，产量提高，品质改善，其中秸秆覆盖的效果最好。秸秆覆盖处理后黄瓜单株产量最高达14 kg，干物质含量（w，后同）为0.068 g·g-1，水分含量为0.932 g·g-1，纤维素含量为0.017 g·g-1，可溶性糖含量为0.010%，维生素C含量为16.060 mg·kg-1，可溶性蛋白质含量为3.825 mg·g-1。不覆盖处理黄瓜产量低、品质差。相关分析表明，黄瓜的产量与茎粗呈显著正相关。综上所述，地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖均利于改善品质和提高产量，秸秆覆盖处理效果最佳，值得推广。

关键词：黄瓜;秸秆覆盖;生长发育;品质

中图分类号：S642.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）11-074-06

Effects of different mulching methods on growth and quality of cucumber

YAN Shijiang1， ZHANG Jining1， LIU Jie2

（1. College of Horticultural， Shanxi Agricultural University， Taiyuan 030031， Shanxi， China; 2. Shanxi Agricultural University， Taiyuan 030031， Shanxi， China）

Abstract： In order to study the effects of straw mulching methods on the growth， quality of wintering cucumber. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of different mulching treatments （no mulching， plastic film mulching， corn straw mulching） on growth， yield， quality of cucumber. Plant height， stem thickness， plant width， leaf area， photosynthetic parameters and quality were investigated. The results showed that plastic film mulching treatment and corn straw mulching treatment were beneficial to the growth and development of cucumber， compared with no mulching. The height， stem diameter， plant height and leaf area were higher in straw mulching than that of others. And net photosynthetic rate， transpiration rate， stoma conductance were increased， intercellular CO2 concentration decreased， the yield and fruit quality were improved. Among them， straw mulching was best. After corn straw mulching treatment， the yield per plant was the highest， reaching 14 kg， dry matter weight is 0.068 g·g-1， water content is 0.932 g·g-1， cellulose content is 0.017 g·g-1， soluble sugar content is 0.010%， vitamin C content is 16.060 mg·kg-1， soluble protein content up to 3.825 mg·g-1. The yield of no mulching was low and the quality was poor. Correlation analysis showed that the yield per plant of cucumber was significantly positively correlated with stem diameter. It indicated that the plastic film mulching and corn straw mulching were beneficial to improve the quality and yield of cucumber， and the corn straw mulching treatment was the best and worth promoting.

Key words： Cucumber; Straw mulching; Growth; Quality

黄瓜属喜温植物，在正常条件下只能在夏秋季露地栽培[1]，随着我国人民生活水平的提高，对设施黄瓜的需求量越来越大。目前在我国设施蔬菜栽培过程中多采用地膜覆盖的方法，這项技术有一定的优越性，能起到保温保湿的作用，但同时会造成“白色污染”、破坏农田生态环境。秸秆覆盖是新兴的一项技术，是指将玉米、小麦、高粱的秸秆经过粉碎后覆盖在土壤表面替代塑料地膜。该方法能促进土壤微生物的生长，改善土壤理化性质，提高土壤肥力，对作物有一定的增产效果[2-7]。该技术已在棉花[8]、小麦[9-11]、辣椒[12]上应用，效果明显。……