刘美妍 周国彦 李晓丽 银珊珊 邢雨蒙 谢洋

摘    要：为探讨适宜华北型密刺黄瓜多倍体诱导技术体系，以黄瓜（2n=2x=14）种子期、萌动种子期和子叶期为试材进行不同浓度秋水仙素处理，通过形态学、细胞学、流式细胞术鉴定，成功获得三倍体（3x）、四倍体（4x）和混倍体（2x+4x/8x+16x）植株，并对二倍体和四倍体黄瓜进行农艺性状和营养品质分析。结果表明，0.4%秋水仙素处理黄瓜萌动种子4 h诱导四倍体的效果最佳，DNA诱变率为18%;0.2%秋水仙素处理黄瓜种子2 h诱导三倍体和混倍体效果最佳，DNA诱变率为15%;四倍体较二倍体节间变短，叶色油亮，叶面积、雌花器官增大，花粉粒呈四孔，染色体、DNA含量加倍，果形指数减小幅度达35.66%，可溶性糖含量和硬度增幅分别为91.74%和34.73%。研究结果为黄瓜多倍体种质创制奠定了技术基础。

关键词：黄瓜;秋水仙素;多倍体;流式细胞术;果实品质

中图分类号：S635.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）11-010-07

Mutagenesis effect of colchicine on north China cucumber with dense thorny

LIU Meiyan1， ZHOU Guoyan1， LI Xiaoli1，2， YIN Shanshan1， XING Yumeng1， XIE Yang1，2

（1. College of Horticulture Science and Technology， Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology， Qinhuangdao 066004， Hebei， China; 2. Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization， Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology， Qinhuangdao 066004， Hebei， China）

Abstract： In order to explore the technology suitable for the induction of autotetraploid of north China cucumber with dense thorny， the cucumber （2n=2x=14） was treated with colchicine at different concentrations at seed stage， germination stage and cotyledon stage. The triploid （3x）， tetraploid （4x） and miploid （2x +4x/ 8x+16x） plants were successfully obtained by morphological， cytological and flow cytometry. The agronomic traits and nutritional quality of diploid and autotetraploid cucumbers were identified. The results showed that 0.4% colchicine treatment for 4h had the best effect on inducing autetraploid， and the induction rate was 18%， 0.2% colchicine treatment for 2 h had the best effect on inducing triploid and misoploid seeds， and the induction rate was 15%. Compared with diploid， autotetraploid showed shorter internode， grey-green leaf color， increased leaf area， female flower organs and stomata， four-hole pollen grains， double chromosome and DNA content， fruit shape index decreased by 35.66%， soluble sugar content and hardness increased by 91.74% and 34.73%， respectively. This study laid a technical foundation for the creation of cucumber polyploid germplasm.

Key words： Cucumber; Colchicine; Polyploid; Flow cytometry; Fruit quality

黃瓜（Cucumis sativus L.，CC，2n=2x=14），又名青瓜、胡瓜，属于葫芦科黄瓜属，是世界十大蔬菜之一[1]。黄瓜营养丰富，含维生素C、蛋白质、糖类和人体必需的有益矿物质，具食疗价值，深受人们喜爱，在我国设施蔬菜生产和周年供应中占有重要地位[2]。因黄瓜栽培种的遗传基础狭窄，不仅限制了其产量和品质的进一步改良，而且使黄瓜对逆境环境的适应能力减弱[3-4]。

多倍体是大多数陆地植物谱系中存在超过2套完整染色体组的生物体，是促进生物进化和遗传多样性的重要力量[5]。多倍体植物因其具有较强可塑性，即染色体多倍化后拓宽了物种的遗传变异范围及增强了对外界胁迫的缓冲能力，有利于创建优质、高产的新品种和增强植物的抗病、抗逆能力[6]。……