韩春花 姜萍 卢晶

[摘要] 目的 探討健康教育对护士工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患的干预效果。 方法 2019年1月至2020年7月期间采用分层随机整群抽样的方法，从九江市37家公立医院抽取2家三级医院和2家二级医院，每家医院随机抽取10个科室，选取200名护士为研究对象，对研究对象行问卷调查，了解研究对象基本信息及工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患（Work-related musculoskeletal disorders，WMSDs）发病情况;调查后，根据基线调查的分析结果，确定相应的干预方案和干预内容进行健康教育干预，比较干预前后的WMSD防护知识、态度、行为得分及WMSDs发作频率、疼痛持续时间变化情况。 结果 ①WMSDs发病率为69.00%（138/200）;有WMSDs与无WMSDs者的年龄、运动习惯、工作年限、职称、科室等比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），婚姻状况、学历、倒班比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。②干预后6月、12个月后，护士的WMSDs防护知识、态度、行为得分均较干预前明显升高（P<0.05），WMSDs发作频率、疼痛持续时间均较干预前明显减少（P<0.05）。 结论 护士WMSDs的发生与年龄、运动习惯、工作年限、职称、科室有关，通过健康教育干预可有效提高护士对WMSDs防护的认知水平，改善WMSDs病情。

[关键词] 健康教育;护士;工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患;干预效果

[中图分类号] R192.6          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2021）28-0177-03

Study on the intervention effect of health education on nurses′ work-related musculoskeletal disorders

HAN Chunhua1   JIANG Ping2   LU Jing2

1.Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Jiujiang No.1 People′s Hospital in Jiangxi Province， Jiujiang   332000， China; 2.Oncology Department， Jiujiang No.1 People′s Hospital in Jiangxi Province， Jiujiang   332000， China

[Abstract] Objective To explore and analyze the intervention effect of health education on nurses′ work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Methods From January 2019 to July 2020， two tertiary hospitals and two secondary hospitals were selected from 37 public hospitals in Jiujiang City by stratified random cluster sampling. Ten departments were randomly selected from each hospital， and 200 nurses were selected as the study subjects. The study subjects were investigated by questionnaire to understand the basic information of the study subjects and the incidence of WMSDs. After the survey， according to the analysis results of the baseline survey， the corresponding intervention program and intervention content were determined for health education intervention. The changes of WMSDs protection knowledge， attitude， behavior score， WMSDs attack frequency， and pain duration before and after the intervention were compared. Results ①The incidence of WMSDs was 69.00% （138/200）. There were significant differences in age， exercise habits， working years， professional title， and department between patients with and without WMSDs （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in marital status， education， and shift （P>0.05）. ②The scores of WMSDs protection knowledge， attitude， and behavior at 6 and 12 months after intervention were significantly increased compared with those before intervention （P<0.05）， and the frequency of WMSDs attacks and duration of pain were significantly improved compared with those before intervention （P<0.05）. Conclusion The occurrence of WMSDs in nurses is related to age， exercise habits， working years， professional title， and department. Health education intervention can effectively improve the cognitive level of nurses on the protection of WMSDs and improve the condition of WMSDs.

[Key words] Health education; Nurses; Work-related musculoskeletal disorders; Intervention effect

随着社会分工的不断细化，社会生产的高度机械化，工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患（Work-related musculoskeletal disorders，WMSDs）已经对职工健康造成了严重危害[1]。随着工人年龄、工龄的升高，WMSDs的发病率呈现明显的上升趋势。在一些工业发达国家，WMSDs的发病率已经仅次于职业性心理疾病，位居职业病第二位[2]。因劳动强度、条件、性质不同，WMSDs的发病部位也不同。目前护理领域的WMSDs危险性越来越受重视。有研究结果显示，护士下背痛的发病率约为56%～90%，明显高于其他职业同年龄女性[3]。护士长期站立配液打针、举手拿输液器、弯腰书写护理记录、使用电脑等会造成肌肉骨骼系统不适或疼痛，主要表现为下背痛、颈肩僵硬疼痛、腕管综合征等。……