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安溪铁观音加工过程中挥发性物质的变化规律分析

2021-12-16曾经得

中国茶叶 2021年12期

曾经得

摘要:为探究铁观音加工过程中主要香气成分变化规律,以安溪铁观音春茶中开面三四叶为原料,采用气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对铁观音加工过程关键环节样品的香气成分进行测定。结果表明,检测出的香气物质为90~130种,其中相对含量排前10的分别为罗勒烯、橙花叔醇、水杨酸甲酯、芳樟醇、香叶醇、法呢烯、榄香烯、(Z)-己酸-3-己烯酯、吲哚、茉莉内酯,且罗勒烯、橙花叔醇等茶叶香气的主要成分在加工过程中呈增加趋势。研究结果可为进一步挖掘安溪铁观音的产地优势、品种优势、加工工艺优势,以及加工工艺对铁观音品质的影响提供参考。

关键词:铁观音;茶叶加工;挥发性物质;香气;变化规律

Analysis on the Changing Pattern of Volatile

Substances in the Processing of Anxi Tieguanyin

ZENG Jingde

Tea Technology Extension Station of Anxi County, Anxi 362400, China

Abstract: In order to explore the changing pattern of main aroma components in the processing of Tieguanyin, the

aroma components in the key links of Tieguanyin processing were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectro-

metry (GC-MS). The results show that 90 ~ 130 aroma substances were detected in these samples, among which the

top ten were ocimene, nerolidol, methyl salicylate, linalool, geraniol, farnesene, elemene, (Z)-Caproic acid-3-hexene

ester, indole, Z-Tetrahydro-6-(2-pentenyl)-2H-2-pyranone. The main aroma components including ocimene and

nerolidol showed an increasing trend during the processing. The experiment provided a reference for further exploring

the origin, cultivar and processing technology advantages of Anxi Tieguanyin, and clarifying the impact of processing

technology on the quality of Tieguanyin.

Keywords: Tieguanyin tea, tea processing, volatile substances, aroma, changing pattern

鐵观音发源于福建安溪,有着悠久的历史,优越的栽培环境、特殊的加工技艺形成了铁观音独特的“观音韵”。铁观音清香幽雅,独具音韵,具有天然兰花香,且具有一定的保健功效,受到众多茶客的喜爱[1]。

香气是影响铁观音风味、品质及等级评定的重要指标之一[2]。茶叶香气即挥发性物质成分,在茶鲜叶中所占比例极低,仅占茶叶干物质质量的0.01%~0.05%。茶叶品质一般通过感官审评进行判别,在乌龙茶审评中,香气权重在感官审评评分中高达30%[3]。

郭丽等[4]研究发现,乌龙茶加工过程中环境条件和加工工艺会影响茶叶挥发性成分的保留量;研究发现,铁观音的香气成分主要可分为醇类、醛类、酮类、酸类、酯类、酚类、碳氢类以及含氮化合物等[5]。茶叶香气种类复杂多样,各种香气化合物相对含量的多少、所占比例的高低,是茶叶香型形成的关键。……

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