不同施肥处理对幼龄茶树生育的影响
2021-12-16李佳张娥夏莉黄玮马丹妮赵华王明乐郭飞王璞王郁倪德江
李佳 张娥 夏莉 黄玮 马丹妮 赵华 王明乐 郭飞 王璞 王郁 倪德江




摘要:对鄂茶1号、鄂茶10号和中茶108茶树品种分别进行复合肥(N∶P2O5∶K2O=15%∶15%∶15%)、叶用经济作物专用肥(N∶P2O5∶K2O=17%∶5%∶25%)和配方施肥(N∶P2O5∶K2O=18%∶6%∶12%)3种施肥处理,分析了各处理对幼龄茶树萌芽数、主茎直径和生长势的影响。结果表明,各施肥处理均显著提升了3个品种幼龄茶树的萌芽数、主茎直径和生长势,其中复合肥处理提升效果显著高于其他施肥处理。基于研究结果,推荐复合肥处理作为幼龄茶树的施肥方案。
关键词:幼龄茶树;茶园施肥;萌芽数;主茎直径;生长势
Effects of Various Fertilizer Treatments on
Growth and Development of Tea Seedlings
LI Jia, ZHANG E, XIA Li, HUANG Wei, MA Danni, ZHAO Hua*, WANG Mingle,
GUO Fei, WANG Pu, WANG Yu, NI Dejiang
Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Abstract: In this study, three fertilizer treatments, including compound fertilizer (N∶P2O5∶K2O = 15%∶15%∶15%),
special fertilizer for leaf-usage cash crop (N∶P2O5∶K2O = 17%∶5%∶25%), formula fertilizer (N∶P2O5∶K2O = 18%∶6%∶12%) and the control (CK) were compared in the three tea cultivars' seedlings (Echa 1, Echa 10, Zhongcha 108)
to reveal their effects on plant growth, bud number and main stem diameter. The results show that the bud number and
main stem diameter of three tea cultivars under the fertilizer treatments were remarkably better than those under the
control. Furthermore, the enhancement effect of compound fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than the rest.
Therefore, the compound fertilizer treatment was recommended as a fertilization scheme for young tea plants.
Keywords: tea seedling, tea fertilization, bud number, main stem diameter, growth potential
茶樹[Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]是多年生叶用经济作物,科学管理的茶园投产年限可达40~60年。幼龄茶树一般指树龄在3~4年内的茶树,幼龄阶段的养分管理水平不仅影响其生长势及成园时间,对成龄茶树的采摘年限和茶园经济效益也有深远影响[1]。
加强幼龄茶树的养分管理才能促进茶树健壮生长,茶树幼龄期应以培养植株形成强壮的骨干枝、庞大的根系和快速成园为目的开展茶园养分管理工作。已有研究表明,茶园施肥需要氮、磷、钾肥配合施用,并适当提高磷钾肥的比例[2]。幼龄茶树定型修剪辅以合理的养分管理是培养健壮骨干枝、促进侧枝生长及形成合理分枝的重要保障,是奠定茶树高产优质的基础[3]。
幼龄茶树主茎是构成茶树骨架的重要结构之一,是连接茶树侧枝与根系的轴状结构,其直径影响茶树养分运输与分配,对茶树生长起到重要作用;幼龄茶树的新生嫩芽是成龄茶树潜在的生产枝,与成龄茶树侧枝数目密切相关,也是奠定茶树高产的重要组成因子[4]。……
