海南大叶种红茶加工关键工序工艺优化及品质分析
2021-12-16徐畅陈诗典何华锋尹军峰王辉张威
徐畅 陈诗典 何华锋 尹军峰 王辉 张威




摘要:针对海南红茶加工过程中的萎凋、发酵2个关键工序,比较不同处理的茶样中茶多酚、黄酮、氨基酸以及茶色素等组分,结合红茶样品的感官品质评价,筛选优化萎凋叶含水量、发酵时间等关键因子,最终得出萎凋叶含水率63%~65%、空气温度32 ℃ 、相对湿度 90%条件下发酵3.5 h制作的大叶种红茶感官品质以及品质组分的含量最佳。研究结果可为海南大叶种红茶的科学规范加工提供理论依据。
关键词:海南红茶;萎凋;发酵;优化;品质分析
Optimization and Quality Analysis of the Crucial
Procedure for the Manufacture of Hainan Black Tea
XU Chang1, CHEN Shidian2, HE Huafeng1*, YIN Junfeng1, WANG Hui3, ZHANG Wei4
1. Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China;2. Wuzhishan Big Leaf Tea
Research Institute, Wuzhishan 572200, China;3. Flavor Beverage Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture
Science, Wanning 571500, China;4. Hainan Nongken Wuzhishan Tea Industry Group Co., Ltd., Haikou 570100, China
Abstract: Native tea cultivars originated from Hainan province are suitable for the manufacture of black tea. Focused
on the two crucial processes of black tea processing (withering and fermentation), comparative analysis of quality
components such as tea polyphenols, flavonoids, amino acids, and tea pigments was conducted. And combined with
the sensory quality evaluation of black tea samples, the withering water content, fermentation time, etc. were screened
and optimized. The result finds that the optimal condition for black tea (taking Hainan big leaf species as the material)
was withering water content of 63%~65%, fermentation at 32 ℃, RH 90% for 3.5 h. The research results would
provide a technological scheme for the scientific processing of Hainan big leaf black tea.
Keywords: Hainan black tea, withering, fermentation, optimization, quality analysis
茶葉由多年生山茶科植物茶树(Camellia
sinensis)的嫩梢经加工制得,其风味品质受地域性气候、土壤以及加工处理方式影响显著。海南是我国主要的热带产茶地区之一,其地处热带海洋性季风气候区,茶树生产期可达10个月以上,且海南土壤有机质含量高,降水充沛,非常适宜茶树生长。然而,热带岛屿的独特属性导致其在一定程度上存在茶树品种、加工工艺等的差异[1]。当地主栽的大叶群体种茶树,其叶张大、叶片薄,鲜叶酚氨比值相对较高,适宜于加工高品质的红茶。特别是海南茶叶主产区五指山市盛产的五指山红茶,以其“琥珀色、奶蜜香”的优异品质入列国家地理标志保护产品[2]。然而,相较于国外红茶的“浓、强、鲜”,海南大叶种红茶的品质仍有待进一步提升,且受前期海南经济社会转型和产业结构调整的影响,海南红茶生产长期存在着产业规模化、组织化程度低,加工水平和装备落后等问题,导致当地红茶生产品质不稳定,严重制约当地红茶产业的健康发展。……
