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桌面级塑料3D打印机的发展现状

2021-11-27嵇萍刘泗岩

科技资讯 2021年22期
关键词:工艺结构

嵇萍 刘泗岩

DOI:10.16661/j.cnki.1672-3791.2108-5042-7415

摘  要:该文将桌面级塑料3D打印机分为FDM与光固化两大类,桌面FDM 3D打印机又进一步分为普通型与高温型,介绍了其可打印材料、适用情景,以及Prusa i3、Makerbot、Ultimaker与Corexy等常见桌面FDM 3D打印机的结构特点;将光固化3D打印机分为激光SLA、DLP与LCD等类型,还介绍了各自的工作原理与代表性产品的技术特征,对DLP与LCD光固化机型的XY像素精度等参数做了对比;最后对不同类型3D打印机的优势与弱点作了总结,指出了未来的发展趋势。

关键词:3D打印   增材制造   FDM   光固化

中图分类号:TP334.8                       文献标识码:A文章编号:1672-3791(2021)08(a)-0065-04

Development Status of Desktop Plastic 3D Printer

JI Ping1   LIU Siyan2

(1.College of Marine Electric and Intelligent Engineering, Jiangsu Maritime Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211170 China; 2.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210016 China)

Abstract: In this paper, desktop level plastic 3D printers are divided into two categories: FDM and light curing. Desktop FDM 3D printers are further divided into ordinary and high-temperature types, and their printable materials, applicable scenarios, as well as the common structural characteristics of desktop FDM 3D printers such as Prusa i3, Makerbot, Ultimaker, and Corexy are introduced. The light-curing 3D printers are divided into laser SLA, DLP and LCD types, and the respective working principles and technical characteristics of representative products are introduced. The XY pixel accuracy and other parameters of DLP and LCD light curing models are compared; Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of different types of 3D printers are summarized, and the future development trend is pointed out.

Key Words: 3D Printing; Additive manufacturing; FDM; SLA

3D打印設备按性能可分为工业级与桌面级,工业级3D打印机尺寸大,价格高,精度与可靠性好;桌面级3D打印机尺寸小,价格低,而精度与可靠性也可以接受。该文将价格低于5万元,XY面内打印尺寸小于400 mm×400 mm的3D打印机定义为桌面级,限于篇幅,暂且只讨论塑料材料的3D打印。桌面级塑料3D打印机有熔丝成型(Fused Deposition Modeling, FDM)与光固化两种类型。桌面FDM 3D打印机已从主要打印PLA材料的普通型,发展到了可打印各种高性能工程塑料与纤维增强复合材料的高温型。桌面光固化3D打印机在最近3年内快速兴起,激光SLA、DLP与LCD等类型都产生了高性价比的产品。自从2010年代产生以来,桌面3D打印机目前进入了又一个快速增长期,这为设计、教育、医疗等行业带来了福音。

1  桌面FDM 3D打印机的发展现状

1.1 FDM 3D打印工艺简介

FDM工艺使用热塑性塑料长丝作为耗材,长丝被输入到喷头中加热融化,并沉积在打印平台上,喷头与平台之间的相对运动由计算机控制,从而实现三维物体的沉积成型。……

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