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茶园沼液水肥一体化技术应用研究

2021-11-26沈家禾沈鑫李琴尹黎峰李勇陈爱萍李新梅

安徽农业科学 2021年21期

沈家禾 沈鑫 李琴 尹黎峰 李勇 陈爱萍 李新梅

摘要 通过田间试验,探讨沼液水肥一体化技术模式对茶叶产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明,在满足土壤肥力标准下,氮肥是影响茶树生长最主要因素,“沼液+化肥”能满足茶树生长所需养分;茶园水肥一体化喷施沼液较常规化肥节肥16.23%,增产6.67%,增值5.17%,施肥效率提高10倍以上,具有较高的推广应用价值。

关键词 茶园;沼液;水肥一体化

中图分类号 S 365  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611(2021)21-0172-02

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.21.043

开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):

Application Research of  Fertigation Technology with Biogas Slurry in Tea Garden

SHEN Jia-he, SHEN Xin, LI Qin et al

(Agriculture Technology and Popularization Center of Jintan District,Changzhou, Jiangsu  213200)

Abstract Through field test, the influence of fertigation technology with biogas slurry on tea yield and economic benefit was studied. The results showed that nitrogen was a major element affecting the growth of tea tree when the fertilizer in soil was above the standard, and thus the “biogas slurry + chemical fertilizer” was sufficient to provide the nutrients for tea growth. Comparing to the way of conventional fertilization, the net weight of fertilizer of fertigation technology with biogas slurry was decreased 16.23%, the yield was increased 6.67%, the income was increased 5.17%, the fertilization efficiency was increased by more than 10 times. The fertigation technology with biogas had the value of popularization and application.

Key words Tea garden;Biogas slurry;Fertigation

基金项目 常州市金坛区茶叶有机肥替代化肥试点县创建。

作者简介 沈家禾(1987—),男,江苏常州人,高级农艺师,硕士,从事耕地质量提升及土壤肥料研究。

收稿日期 2021-03-16;修回日期 2021-04-19

我国是茶树原产地,是最早发现和利用茶的国家,种植面积占世界60%,叶片作为主要收获对象,制成各种茶类,具有重要的经济和营养价值。合理施肥能有效保障茶叶产量和品质[1]。传统茶园施肥以人工开沟、覆土方式,肥料以有机肥加化肥为主,施肥强度大、成本高等,致使出现肥料表施、养分流失等问题[2]。已有学者证明水肥一体化技术能促进茶园节肥、增产、提质、增效,具有较好的推广应用价值[3-6]。沼液作为水肥一体化技术中重要的肥料之一,富含植物生长必需的多种营养元素[7-9],能有效替代部分化肥[10-12]。

金坛是“中国绿茶(名茶)之乡”,茶产业为当地农业特色产业之一,主产名特优绿(春)茶,“金坛雀舌茶”和“茅山青锋茶”享譽全国。2017年金坛成为首批全国果菜茶(茶叶)有机肥替代化肥试点县,创新集成多套茶园有机肥替代化肥技术模式,特别是茶园沼液水肥一体化技术模式,实现了茶园施肥轻简化。……

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