田甜 殷继艳 贾晓丽

摘要 对2015—2019年全国卫星监测部门发布的相关信息，对18 470个监测热点，1 160起林火草原火，228起境外火进行统计研究。分析热点及林草火的季节性变化、地域分布和火源种类繁多等发生特点。结果表明，热点数和火灾数在不同年份之间存在一些差异，呈上下波动状态;空间分布方面，林草火热点主要集中在我国中南、西南部和东北部，这与我国实际林草火频发区基本吻合;区域分布方面，全国热点及森林火灾主要集中在我国西南部和东北部;时间分布方面，南方地区热点及火灾集中在2—4月，东北地区集中在气候干燥的4、10月。

关键词 遥感图像;森林火灾;卫星林火监测;热点

中图分类号 S 762.3+2  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）21-0140-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.21.034

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Analysis and Trend of National Satellite Forest Fire Monitoring Hotspots in 2015-2019

TIAN Tian  YIN Ji-yan  JIA Xiao-li2

（1. Ministry of Emergency Management North Aviation Forest Station，Harbin， Heilongjiang 150027; 2.China Fire and Rescue Institute， Beijing 102202）

Abstract 18 470 monitoring hotspots， 1 160 forest and grassland fires， and 228 foreign fires released by satellite monitoring departments in China from 2015 to 2019 were statistically studied. The characteristics of seasonal variation， regional distribution and fire source variety of hot spots and forest and grass fires were analyzed. The study showed that there were some differences between the hot spot number and the fire number in different years，and they fluctuated up and down;in terms of spatial distribution， the hot spots of forest and grass fires in recent five years were mainly concentrated in the central south， southwest and northeast of China， which was basically consistent with the actual frequent forest and grass fires in China;in terms of regional distribution， hot spots and forest fires were mainly concentrated in the southwest and northeast of China;in terms of time distribution， hot spots and fires in southern China were concentrated in February-April.In Northeast China， fires were concentrated in April and October when the climate is dry. The hot spots and forest fires of characteristics and trends in recent five years were summarized， which can provide reliable basis for forest fire management in China under the new situation.

Key words Remote sensing image;Forest fire;Satellite forest fire monitoring;Hotspot

基金項目 国家重点研发计划项目“森林和草原自然火灾全天候灾情监测预警与处置装置”（2020YFC1511604）。

作者简介 田甜（1990—），女，黑龙江牡丹江人，助理工程师，硕士，从事森林防火及卫星林火监测研究。*通信作者，副教授，博士，从事森林防灭火研究。

收稿日期 2021-03-11

在诸多自然灾害中，森林火灾属于突发性强、威力及破坏力大的灾害。一旦发生森林火灾，就会给生态环境及人民财产安全带来重大危害和严重损失[1]。我国国土面积大，森林和草原分布广阔，森林植被分布不均，导致我国总体森林面积不高[2]，林火监测工作一直是森林草原防火工作的重要组成部分。对于面积范围大、区域广的林区，依靠地面上的人力瞭望以及巡视、视频设备或热红外系统监控、固定翼或直升机的飞机巡护等监测方式，不仅费用昂贵，且工作及操作烦琐复杂，尤其对于偏远的林区或部分森林盲区监测力度不够、精度不高，且工作效率低[3]。……