孟得微 孙博 张立民 常玉梅 王庆奎 梁利群

摘要 為研究东北碳酸盐型盐碱池塘浮游植物群落结构及其与水质因子变化特征之间的相关性，于2020年8—10月在黑龙江水产研究所盐碱水渔业利用（大庆）研究中心对3个中低碱度池塘进行了调查，结果显示，鉴定出浮游植物共计6门、65种，各池塘不同月份的优势种存在差异，但均表现出优势种较多且优势度较低的特点，浮游植物分布较为均匀，生态系统较为稳定。基于浮游植物群落的生物多样性指数对各养殖池塘进行水质评价，结果显示，1#、2#池塘整体处于富营养化状态，4#池塘始终均处于清洁-寡污状态。Pearson相关性分析结果表明，3个池塘浮游植物的总生物量和丰度与水质因子的相关性存在差异，氨氮、溶解氧、温度、总磷、总氮、亚硝态氮、碱度、pH均对浮游植物群落结构存在不同程度上的影响。

关键词 浮游植物;群落结构;特征;环境因子;盐碱池塘;水质调控

中图分类号 X 173  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）21-0110-06

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.21.027

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Relationship between Phytoplankton Community Structure and Environmental Factors in Saline-alkali Ponds in Northeast China

MENG De-wei  3，SUN Bo 3，ZHANG Li-min 3 et al

（1.Fisheries College， Tianjin Agricultural University， Tianjin 300384;2.Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences， National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Breeding， Harbin， Heilongjiang 150070;3.Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences， Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Habitat Fish Germplasm Characteristics and Resistance Breeding， Harbin， Heilongjiang 150070）

Abstract Community structure of phytoplankton was surveyed in three alkalinity ponds at the Salt-Alkali Water Fisheries Utilization （Daqing） Research Center of Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute from August to October 2020， in order to understand the community structure of phytoplankton and its correlation with the change characteristics of water quality factors in carbonate saline-alkali ponds in Northeast China. The results showed that a total of 6 phyla and 65 species of phytoplankton were observed， the dominant species of phytoplankton were different in different months， but they all showed the characteristics of more dominant species and lower dominance， and the distribution of phytoplankton was more even，the ecosystem was stable. The water quality of each culture pond was evaluated based on the biodiversity index of phytoplankton community showed that 1# and 2# pond were eutrophication， and 4# pond was clean and less polluted all the time.The Pearson correlation analysis revealed that there were differences in the correlation between the total biomass and abundance of phytoplankton and water quality factors in the three ponds. Ammonia nitrogen， dissolved oxygen， temperature， total phosphorus， total nitrogen， nitrite nitrogen， alkalinity and pH all had different effects on the community structure of phytoplankton.

Key words Phytoplankton;Community structure;Characteristics;Enviromental factor;Saline-alkali pond;Water quality regulation

基金项目 国家重点研发计划“生态适应型品种开发与池塘增效养殖技术”（KY2020210100）。

作者简介 孟得微（1996—），女，黑龙江大庆人，硕士研究生，研究方向：渔业发展。*通信作者：王庆奎，教授，博士，硕士生导师，从事海水鱼营养需求与人工配合饲料研制工作;梁利群，研究员，博士，博士生导师，从事鱼类抗逆分子遗传机理及基因工程育种研究。

收稿日期 2021-07-14;修回日期 2021-08-10

近年来，由于气候变化、河流湖泊水位下降、矿化度上升等因素，淡水资源不断减少，已成为制约内陆水产养殖业发展的限制因素。……