黄蕾 刘伟 杜伟伟

摘要 以某市公路兩侧土壤垂直剖面处重金属Cu、Cr、Zn和Pb为研究对象，探讨其垂直分布特征;运用内梅罗指数评价重金属的污染指数;并根据重金属的形态含量结果分析其对土壤的污染程度;利用SPSS对重金属形态和理化性质进行Pearson相关分析，研究理化性质对重金属形态含量变化的影响。结果表明，剖面重金属含量主要累积在土壤表层，重金属含量随土壤深度的增加呈减少趋势;对剖面土壤产生影响的Zn来自机动车轮胎磨损;Zn以残渣态为主，含量占总量的98.60%，活性态含量较低，占总量的1.40%，对生物有效性和潜在危害性较小;可交换态随土壤pH、阳离子交换量和有机质含量的增加而降低，铁-锰氧化物结合态随土壤pH和阳离子交换量升高而增加，有机物结合态随土壤pH和有机质含量上升而递增，碳酸盐结合态仅随土壤pH增加而增大。

关键词 重金属;土壤垂直剖面;污染指数;分布特征;相关分析;形态分析

中图分类号 X 53  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）21-0101-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.21.025

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Study on the Characteristics of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Vertical Section of the Soil on Both Sides of the Highway in a City

HUANG Lei  LIU Wei DU Wei-wei2

（1.College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering， Xinjiang Institute of Engineering， Urumqi，Xinjiang 830091;2.College of Mathematics and Science， Xinjiang Institute of Engineering， Urumqi， Xinjiang 830091）

Abstract Taking the heavy metals Cu， Cr， Zn and Pb in the vertical section of the soil on both sides of the highway in a certain city as the research object， the vertical distribution charactertics of heavy metals were discussed， the pollution index of heavy metals were evaluated by nemerow index method，and according to the results of the form content of heavy metals， the pollution degree was analyzed， Pearson correlation analysis on the morphology and physicochemical properties of heavy metals were made by SPSS to explore the influence of physicochemical properties on the changes in the morphology. The result showed that the heavy metal contents of the profile mainly accumulated in the soil surface， and the content of heavy metals showed a decreasing trend with the increase of soil depth. The Zn that affected the profile soil came from wear of motor vehicle tires.Zn was mainly in residual fraction， accounting for 98.60% of the total， and the content of active state was lower， accounting for 1.40% of the total， Zn had little bioavailability and potential harm.The exchangeable state decreases with the increase of soil pH， cation exchange capacity and organic matter content， iron-manganese oxidation state denoted a upward trend with the promotion in soil pH and cation exchange capacity，organically bound state was enhanced with soil pH and organic matter content， carbonate combined indicated an ascending trend with the soil pH.

Key words Heavy metal;Soil vertical profile;Pollution index;Distribution characteristics;Correlation analysis;Morphological analysis

基金项目 新疆工程学院科研基金项目（2020xgy172302）。

作者简介 黄蕾（1982—），女，天津人，讲师，硕士，从事环境污染修复研究。

*通信作者，讲师，博士，从事土壤污染修复研究。

收稿日期 2021-04-09

随着国家机动车数量迅猛增长，公路交通引起的公路两侧农田土壤及作物中铅、锌、镉、铜等重金属以及有机废气污染也日趋严重[1]。重金属在土壤中的积累不仅影响着植物、动物的生长和发育，对陆生生态系统构成潜……