皖北地区夏玉米种植密度和收获期试验研究
2021-11-26潘广元孔令娟吴子峰杨森秦朦王成
潘广元 孔令娟 吴子峰 杨森 秦朦 王成



摘要 以郑单958为试验材料,研究皖北地区夏玉米最佳种植密度和适宜收获时间,旨在为指导该地区玉米生产提供技术依据。结果显示,皖北地区夏玉米随着种植密度增加,产量不断增加,密度在75 000株/hm2时达到最高,当增加到82 500株/hm2后,产量开始下降。因此最佳种植密度为75 000株/hm2。皖北地区夏玉米百粒重和产量随着收获时间推迟,逐渐增加,至9月30日后收获,趋于稳定,不再增加,且比9月20日前收获的增加幅度达到显著差异,适当晚收可明显增加产量。
关键词 皖北地区;玉米;种植密度;收获期;产量
中图分类号 S 513 文献标识码 A
文章编号 0517-6611(2021)21-0042-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.21.011
开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
Study on Summer Corn Planting Density and Harvesting Period in Northern Anhui Region
PAN Guang-yuan,KONG Ling-juan,WU Zi-feng et al
(Anhui Province Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Hefei,Anhui 230041)
Abstract In order to provide technical basis for guiding summer maize production in northern Anhui region,Zhengdan 958 was used as experimental material to study the optimal planting density and appropriate harvest time. Results showed that with the increase of planting density,the yield of maize in northern Anhui region increased,and the density reached the highest at 75 000 plants /hm but the yield began to decline after increasing to 82 500 plants /hm2. The optimal planting density was 75 000 plants /hm2. The 100-grain weight and the yield of maize in northern Anhui region increased gradually with the delay of harvest time. After September 30th,the yield of maize tended to be stable and did not increase any more. Moreover,the increase range of maize yield harvested after September 30th was significantly different from that before September 20th,late harvest properly might increase the yield of maize.
Key words Northern Anhui region;Maize;Planting density;Harvest time;Yield
基金项目 粮食丰产增效科技创新之安徽粮食多元化绿色丰产增效技术模式规模化示范与应用(2018YFD0300906)。
作者简介 潘广元(1987—),男,安徽宿州人,农艺师,硕士,从事粮食生产技术示范与推广工作。
收稿日期 2021-04-01;修回日期 2021-04-19
玉米是我国种植面积最大、总产最多的粮食作物,对保障我国粮食安全具有重要的战略意义[1-2]。2018年全国玉米种植面积4 213万hm 总产25 717.4万t;安徽省玉米种植面积113.9万hm 总产595.6万t[3]。皖北地区指安徽省淮河以北地区,位于黄淮海玉米种植生态区南部,包括淮北市、亳州市、宿州市、蚌埠市、阜阳市、淮南市6个省辖市。是我国重要的夏玉米产区,也是安徽省夏玉米主产区,2018年玉米种植面积102.6万hm 占全省的90.1%;总产544.5万t,占全省的91.4%。
前人對玉米种植密度和适期收获已进行了大量研究。马涌等[4-5]认为,随着玉米育种水平和生产技术水平的不断提高,玉米靠挖掘单株产量来大幅度提高单产已到瓶颈期。……
