何阳 王秀荣 陈新平

摘要 缓/控释肥料的养分可以按照设定的释放规律和释放期缓慢或控制释放，延长植物对养分吸收利用的有效期，对于减少化肥施用和提高利用率至关重要。目前，缓/控释肥料应用的效果，以及对农田氮素流失的防控效果的综合性分析还较少。综合分析了国内15年缓/控释肥料的田间应用数据，从缓控释肥料的种类及作用机理，缓/控释肥料的应用效果，缓/控释肥料对农田氮素流失的防控，以及缓/控释肥料推广瓶颈与建议等几个方面，综述了缓/控释肥料的研究进展及其对农田氮素流失的防控效果，以期为缓/控释肥料在农田更好地推广应用提供支撑。

关键词 缓/控释肥料;农田氮素流失;氮肥利用率;防控效果

中图分类号 S 158  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）21-0007-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.21.003

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Review of Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizer and Its Prevention and Control Effects of Farmland Nitrogen Loss

HE Yang  WANG Xiu-rong  CHEN Xin-ping2

（1. Root Biology Center / State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources， South China Agricultural University， Guangzhou， Guangdong 510642;2. College of Resources and Environment， Agricultural Green Development Research Center of Yangtze River Economic Belt， Southwest University， Chongqing 400000）

Abstract The nutrients of slow/controlled release fertilizers can be released slowly or controlled according to the given release pattern and period. Slow/controlled release fertilizers can prolong the effective period of nutrient absorption and utilization by plants， which is very important to reduce the application of chemical fertilizers and improve fertilizer use efficiency. At present， the comprehensive analysis of the slow/controlled release fertilizers on the application effects and prevention and control effects of nitrogen loss is seldom reported in farmland. This paper comprehensively analyzed the field application data of slow/controlled-release fertilizers in China for 15 years， and summarized the research progress of slow/controlled-release fertilizers and their prevention and control effects on nitrogen loss in farmland from the following several aspects， classification and nutrient release mechanisms， application effects， prevention and control of nitrogen loss in farmland， and bottlenecks and suggestions for promotion of slow/controlled-release fertilizers. The aim of the current review was to provide the support for the better application of slow/controlled release fertilizers in farmland.

Key words Slow/controlled release fertilizer;Nitrogen loss in farmland;Nitrogen use efficiency;Prevention and control effect

基金項目 国家自然科学基金项目（32072668）。

作者简介 何阳（1982—），男，陕西汉中人，硕士，从事作物养分管理研究。

*通信作者，研究员，博士，博士生导师，从事植物营养生理、植物营养遗传和根系生物学研究。

收稿日期 2021-03-16

根据联合国粮食与农业组织（FAO）统计数据，2002—2018年我国化肥平均年产量中，氮肥和磷酸盐类肥料产量均为世界第一，钾肥产量位居第四位。同时，我国平均年农业用肥量为世界第一。然而，由于在农业生产中肥料选择不当、养分配比不平衡、施肥技术落后等原因造成氮肥和磷肥利用率低[1-3]。每年农业施用的氮肥通过淋洗和径流等途径损失超过1 000万t，相当于超过2 000万t尿素，直接经济损失400多亿元，不仅对环境造成极大威胁，而且造成能源与资源的巨大浪费[4]。……