不同株形无花果生长结果性状分析
2021-11-25鲁雪林吴哲王秀萍李赵嘉孟然冯薇
鲁雪林 吴哲 王秀萍 李赵嘉 孟然 冯薇



摘要 [目的]研究无花果适宜的整枝方式。[方法]以波姬红为试验材料,采用丛生形、单臂一字形、双臂一字形3种不同整枝树形,研究不同株形对无花果生长结果性状的影响。[结果]由于3种树形不同,枝条组成及果实数量存在差异,单株产量表现为单臂一字形>丛生形>双臂一字形。[结论]单臂一字形树体结构更为合理,营养贮存与运输更为均衡,单果重增加是产量提高的重要因素。
关键词 无花果;株形;生长结果
中图分类号 S 663.3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2021)20-0061-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.20.017
开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
Growth and Yield Analysis for Different Plant Shapes of Ficus carica Linn.
LU Xue-lin 3, WU Zhe 3, WANG Xiu-ping 3 et al
(1.Institute of Coastal Agriculture, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Tangshan,Hebei 063200;2.Tangshan Key Laboratory of Plant Salt-Tolerance Research,Tangshan,Hebei 063200;3.Saline-alkali Land Greening Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province,Tangshan,Hebei 063200)
Abstract [Objective] To obtain a suitable pruning method for Ficus carica. [Method] Fig cultivar of Bojihong was used as experimental material and effects of three pruning shapes namely cluster shape (A), single-branch-transverse-growth shape (B), double-branch-transverse-growth shape (C) on the growth and yield of Ficus carica were studied. [Result]The yield per plant from shape B was higher than that from shape A and followed by shape C due to the great variance of numbers of branches and fruits among three tree shapes.[Conclusion] The study indicated that tree structure of single-branch-transverse-growth shape was more reasonable because of the balance of nutrition storage and transportation, and the increase of single fruit weight was key factor to increase the total yield.
Key words Ficus carica Linn.;Tree shape;Growth and yield
基金项目 唐山市科技计划项目(19150253E)。
作者简介 鲁雪林(1972—),男,河北赵县人,研究员,从事耐盐植物选育与应用研究。
收稿日期 2020-11-16
无花果(Ficus carica Linn)为桑科榕属多年生果树,是世界上最古老栽培果树之一,具有很高的营养价值和药用价值[1-4],是一种极具开发前景的药食同源植物[5-7]。无花果栽培品种丰富,全世界超过900个[8-10],河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所已引进200余种,颜色有红色、绿色、黄色、紫色、黑色等,形状多样,风味也不同。
无花果属于亚热带落叶小乔木,对温度、湿度、光照等要求严格,温度过低易受冻害,影响产量,湿度过高易落叶落果,影响品质;光照不足,易徒长,结果少。南北方气候不同,无花果的栽培模式也各異。北方适宜发展日光温室种植。整形修剪可调整枝类比例、枝叶状态,使树体能够对光、水、肥等合理地进行营养分配和有效利用,从而影响植物叶片的营养吸收、果实产量与品质,重要的是通过不同程度地整形修剪,培养合理的树体结构,能够显著改善树体内膛通风透光条件,提高光能利用率,从而不同程度提高产量与品质。因此……
